气候变化对茶产业的影响外文文献翻译.docx
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气候变化对茶产业的影响外文文献翻译.docx
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气候变化对斯里兰卡茶产业的影响外文文献翻译
(含:
英文原文及中文译文)
文献出处:
期刊名:
WaterAir&SoilPollution,第92卷,第1期,页码:
87-94.
英文原文
VulnerabilityofSriLankateaproductiontoglobalclimatechangeWijeratneMA
Abstract:
TheteaindustryisSriLanka'smainnetforeignexchangeearnerandsourceofincomeforthemajorityoflaborers.Teayieldisgreatlyinfluencedbyweather,andespeciallybydroughts,whichcauseirreparablelossesbecauseirrigationisseldomusedonteaplantations.Attheotherextreme,heavyrainserodetopsoilandwashawayfertilizersandotherchemicals.IntherecentlypublishedSriLankacountryreportonclimatechange,itwasreportedthattheislandwillexperienceextremerainfallintensitiesandwarmertemperaturesasaresultofclimatechange.Thepossibilityofa10%increaseinthelengthofdryandwetseasonsperyearinthemainplantationareawasalsoindicated.Thusbothdroughtdamagesandsoillossesinteaproductionareaswillincreaseintheyearstocome.Ananalysisoftheresultsoffieldexperimentswithweatherdatashowsthatincreasesintemperature,soilmoisturedeficit,andsaturationvaporpressuredeficitinthelowelevationswilladverselyaffectgrowthandyieldoftea.Reportshavealsoshownthatabout30cmofsoilhas
alreadybeenerodedfromuplandteaplantations.Underthesecircumstances,theteaindustryinSriLankaisclearlyvulnerabletopredictedclimatechanges,andsubsequentlygreatereconomic,social,andenvironmentalproblems.ThispaperdiscussesthevariousaspectsoftheadverseeffectsofclimatechangeonSriLanka'steaindustry.
Keywords:
SriLanka,agriculture,tea
Introduction
Althoughtheexportoftextilesandapparelindustrieshasbroughtahighpercentageofforeignexchange,inSriLanka,agriculturalexportsarethehighestsourceofnetforeignexchangeearnings.Inagriculturalexports,teaaloneaccountsforabout15to25%ofthetotalforeignexchangeincome.ThusplayedadecisiveroleintheSriLankaneconomy.About30%oftheemployeesinthepublicsector(governmentandsemi-government)arefactorymanualworkers,andmostofthemworkinteaplantations.Moreover,about239,000smallteaproducersprovidealotofdomesticemploymentopportunities.Correspondingly,morethan700,000workersandtheirfamiliesdependontheteaindustry.ThesedatafullydemonstratetheimportanceoftheteaindustryinSriLanka'ssocietyandeconomy.
Sincethe1930s,althoughsomesmallmanufacturershaveexpanded,inSriLanka,theoverallareaofteaplantingisshowingadownwardtrend,duetothelowproductivityduetotheinabilityoflandandbushes,and
thelandoccupationrateoftheteaindustrysector.Reducedsincethe1960s.Theteagrowingareasinthemiddleofthecountry(600to1200metershigh)havebecomemarginalandcropshavediversified.Poorclimateandpoormanagementpracticesarethemainreasonsforthis.Intheearly1960s,aftertheeliminationofshadows,theclimatechangeintheteagrowingareashadaffectedtheproductivityofteaplants.Inthe1970s,someofthesideeffectsofthenationalizationofteaproduction,suchastheneglectofagriculturalproductionpractices,ledtoadeclineinproductivityintheprivatesector.Fuch,1989.AsaSriLankanrain-fedcrop,theoptimalgrowthoftheteaindustrylargelydependsontheclimate.TherelationshipbetweenclimateandteaproductionhasbeendiscussedbymanyresearcherssuchasDevanathan,1975;KandiahandThevadasan,1980;CarrandStephens,1992.Thefindingsof//.ERATNEinhisreportonwater,airandsoilpollutionaredifferentfromthenationalreportsofSriLanka,1994.Thissituationcanbeattributedtodifferentmodelsusedinpredictingteayield.Theincreaseintemperaturecanincreasetheteayieldandisgenerallyaccepted.Andthisrelationshipisusedbymanymodels.However,recentresearchhasshownthat,athighertemperaturephysicalenvironments,temperaturesgreaterthan25to26degreesCelsiusincreaseteaproduction.SeveredroughtbroughtunavoidablelossestotheteaindustryandeventotheentireeconomyofSriLanka.Theconsequencesofthedroughtin1983and1992aregood
examplesofCentralBank,1983;1992.Thedroughtin1992reducedtheproductivityoftheteaindustryby26%comparedto1991.Atthesametime,thishasalsoincreasedthecostofproductivityby19%,whichhasreducedtheforeignexchangerevenueofthecountrybynearly30billionrublesby70millionU.S.dollars.Theoverallproductivityin1991and1992was240.7kg,whichisthelowestproductivityrecordedsincethe1950s.Thesedatashowthatthereisalotofdamagecausedbythedeteriorationoftheclimate.
Alargeamountofrainfallhasalsobeenlostthroughthesoil.Thelackofsunlighthasledtolowproduction.Theincreaseintheincidenceofdiseaseshascausedtremendousdamagetoteaproducti
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