定语从句Word格式文档下载.docx
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定语从句Word格式文档下载.docx
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关系代词在句中充当主语、定语、宾语,因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
1.
关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略
①Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.(作主语)
Thedogwhich/thatwaslosthasbeenfound.(作主语)
②Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosthomesreached250,000.
Herecomesthegirlwho/thatwantstoseeyou.
2.
关系代词在句中作宾语时可省略
①Thenoodlesthat/whichIcookedweredelicious.(作宾语)
Thisisthebookthat/whichIwanttoread.
Theletterthat/whichIreceivedyesterdaywasfrommyfather.
②Thegirlwho/thatwesawyesterdayisMary.
MrLiisamanwhom/who/thatweshouldlearfrom.
Doyouknowthemanwhom/who/thatistalkingto?
3.
关系代词在从句中做定语
①Thenovelwhosecoverwasbrokenblongstome.
②HeneryistheboywhosemotherisourEnglishteacher.
Iknowthepersonwhosecompanyproducescomputers.
Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.
4.
关系代词在句中作表语时可省略(只能用that)
Sheisnotthegirlthatshewas.
定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的选择
明确关系代词,关系副词在定语从句中的不同作用
关系代词which,that,who在定语从句中作主语或在及物动词或介词后作宾语
关系副词when,where,why在定语从句中作状语,即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语,只缺时间、地点或原因状语
分析句子结构,明确句法成分
关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语,关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。
如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词,应观察其后有无宾语。
如果没宾语,则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。
如果句子中有宾语,就考虑关系副词when或where等
关系副词(when,where,why)
When的用法(在定语从句中做时间状语)
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
Wewillneverforgetthehappytimewhenweworkedonthefarm.
Hecameatatimewhen(atwhich)weneededhelp.
where的用法(在定语从句中做地点状语)
Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.
Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.
AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.
3.why的用法(在定语从句中做原因状语)
Thereareseveralreasonswhywecan’tdothat.
Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool.
Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?
Thereasonwhy(forwhich)shewasillisthatshehadeatenbadmeat.
4.比较
I’llneverforgetthedaysthat/whichIspentwithmyteacher.
I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.
Itisthehousethat/whichwasbuilttwoyearsago.
Itisthehousewhere/inwhichIwasborn.
Thereasonwhich/thathegavewasanexcuse.
Thereasonwhyhewaslatewastherain.
Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturnup?
只能用that的定语从句
1.先行词为不定代词alleveryingnothinganythinglittlemuchnone时或被这些词修饰时,关系代词只用that
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
2.当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时,只用that
ThisisthemostbeautifulparkthatIhavevisited.
TheTitanicisthemostdangerousfilmthatI’veeverseen.
ThebestonethatI’llchoosewillbeyou.
3.当先行词被序数词thefirst,thesecond,thelast等修饰时,只用that
Thefirstlessonthatwehavelearnedwillneverbeeasilyforgotten.
Thisisthelastclassthatwewillhavethisterm.
当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时,只用that
(someanyfewmuchnoveryonly)
Theonlystudentthatmaybeelectedisinourclass.
Ihavenoquestionthatwillbeasked.
Therewaslittlethatinterestedhimatthemeeting.
ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.
5.
当先行词既指人又指物时
Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.
Thecharactersandtheanimalsthatareinthepictureareverynative.
Thetrainranoveraboyandhisdogthatwerejustcrossingtherailroad.
6.
当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复而用that
Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?
Whoistheboythatshookhandswithyoujustnow?
Whichisthehotelthatyoustayedatlastmonth?
7.
当way做先行词时,关系代词可以有三种形式①that②inwhich③×
Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/×
youspeaktoyourmotherlikethat.
8.
先行词在句中作表语
Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.
定语从句练习:
1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.
A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this
2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD./
3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.
A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as
4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?
A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom
6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.
A.whichB.thatC./D.it
7.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all
9.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.
A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this
10.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD./
11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.
A.wasB.wereC.isD.are
12.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.
A.whomB.whoC./D.he
13.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.
A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoor
C.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoor
14.Those_____madenomistakesintoday’sexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.
A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who
15.Thefarm_____westayedlastweekisalovelyplaceforaholiday.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.atthat
16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.
A.whatB.whichC.asD../
17.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.
A.inthatB.whenC.whereD.there
18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?
A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which
19.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
20.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?
A.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat
21.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.
A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhich
22.October1,1949wastheday_____thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
A.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhich
23.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?
A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what
25.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
26.Haveyouseenthegirl_____?
A.thatItoldB.ItoldyouofC.whomItoldD.Itoldof
28.Finallythethiefhandedineverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whatever
29.Thelecturespokeofsomewritersandnovels_____wereknowntousall.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
30.Icanstillrememberthesittingroom_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where
32.Theonlyquestion_____istofindourwayhome.
A.thatmatteredB.thatmattersC.whichmatteredD.matter
34.Thefarmersusedwoodtobuildahouse_____graincanbestored.
A.withwhichB.whereC.inthatD.which
1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?
-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.
A.heB.who
C.which
D.whom
2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?
A.which
B.inwhich
C.that
D.theone
3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.
A.where
B.which
D.it
4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?
A.thatyoubought
B.youboughtit
C.thatyouboughtit
D.whichyouboughtit
5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.
A.whichagrees
B.whoagree
C.whoagrees
D.whichagree
6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.
A.that
B.it
who
7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate
A.who’s
B.whose
ofwhich.
8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.
A.which;
is
B.whom;
was
C.who;
D.who;
was
9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.
C.where
D.who
10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.
A.inthatwelive
B.onwhichwelive
C.wherewelivein
D.welivein
Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。
1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.
2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.
3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.
4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.
5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow?
参考答案:
I.1-5BBCAC
6-10ABCCD
Ⅱ.1.that2.which/that
3.who/that
4.that/which5.who/whom/that
Keys:
1-5ACABA6-10BCCAD11-15CBDDB16-20DCABB21-25.BBADD26-30.BDBBD31-34ABDB
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
例如:
Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
(that作主语)
Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。
(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。
Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。
(作主语)
Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。
(作宾语)
3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。
在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。
ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。
Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?
注意:
(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但
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