英美侵权法 笔记及案例分析Word格式文档下载.docx
- 文档编号:16377906
- 上传时间:2022-11-23
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:31
- 大小:64.13KB
英美侵权法 笔记及案例分析Word格式文档下载.docx
《英美侵权法 笔记及案例分析Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英美侵权法 笔记及案例分析Word格式文档下载.docx(31页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
eg.(defamation):
freedomofspeechv.rightofreputation
c)Tortsv.Criminallaws
privatelaw
criminallaws:
publiclaw
ii.purpose
Injuredpartyseekingpersonalrelief
protectthepublicandsatisfyitssenseofjusticebypunishingthewrongdoers
iii.formofremedy
fines,imprisonment,deathpenalty
iv.standardofproof
preponderanceoftheevidence
beyondallreasonabledoubt
2.3typesoftortlaw
a)intentionaltorts
theharmisdesiredortheresultsofharmarewithinknowledge(thesubstantialcertaintyoftheharm).
b)negligence/tortsofnegligence:
legaldutyisowned;
breakofthatduty;
anddamageiscausedtoplaintiff.Theforeseeabilityiscrucial.
c)strictliabilitytorts:
Aliabilityassignedregardlessoffaultasamatterofsocialpolicy.(noforeseeabilityofinjuryorblameworthyconductisrequired)
3.remedies
Compensatorydamages
Punitivedamages(requiremalicious,fraudulent,orevilmotives)
二、intentionaltorts
1.generalelementsofintentionaltorts
a)elements(3)(primafaciecase)
avolitionalact:
amovementdictatedbyaperson’smind(wrongfulact)
intent:
generalintent(substantialcertaintyoftheconsequences)&
specificintent(wanttobringabouttheresults)
causation:
(causalrelationship)theresultmustbelegallycausedbytheact
b)transferredintentdoctrine(intentissue)
i.Definition:
whileAintendstocommitatortagainstonepersonbutinsteadcommitsadifferenttortagainstthatperson,orcommitsthesametortbutagainstadifferentperson,orcommitadifferentintentagainstadifferentperson,theintentistransferredtotheothertortortheinjuredperson.
ii.Application:
assault,battery,falseimprisonment,trespasstoland,trespasstochattels.
c)eggshellskullrule(compensatoryissue)
anintentionaltortfeasorisordinaryliableforallconsequences,whetherforeseeableornot,whichareactualcauseofhisconduct.
Case13Vosburgv.Putney
Proceduralhistory:
VosburgsuedPutneyforassaultandbattery.ThejuryrenderedaverdictforPlaintiffintheamountof$2,800.Thedefendantappealed,thecasewasagaintriedinthecircuitcourt,andthejudgmentwasreversedforerrorandthenewtrialresultedinaverdictforPlaintiffintheamountof$2,500.
Facts:
Putney(Defendant,11-yearsold)slightly,butunlawfully,kickedVosburg(Plaintiff,14-yearsold)onthelegduringschoolintendingnoharm.Althoughthekickwasslight,PlaintifflosttheuseofhislimbbecauseDefendant'
skickrevivifiedapreviousinjury.
Issue:
1.Whiletheintenttodoharmisoftheessenceofanassault,whetherthedefendanthadtheintent?
(intent)
2.Whilethedefendantjustkickedslightlyonthelegoftheplaintiff,whetherhewasliableforallinjuriesresultingdirectlyfromthewrongfulactevenitcouldnothavebeenforeseen?
(damage)
Holding:
1.Yes
2.Yes
Reasons:
1.Inactionsforassaultandbattery,Plaintiffmustshoweitherthattheintentionwasunlawful,orthatDefendantisatfault.Iftheintendedactisunlawful,theintentiontocommititmustnecessarybeunlawful.Inthiscase,theactwasunlawfulsinceittookplaceduringclass,ratherthanontheplayground.ThecourthelditwasunlawfulandthatunlawfulnesswasenoughtoimposeliabilityonDefendant.
2.Thewrongdoerisliableforallinjuriesresultingdirectlyfromthewrongfulactwhethertheycouldorcouldnothavebeenforeseenbyhim,whichistheso-called“eggshellskullrule”.
Judgment:
Judgmentreversedandcaseremandedforanewtrial.
2.Intentionaltortstotheperson(4types)
a)Battery
theintentional,unprivileged,andeitherharmfuloroffensivecontractwiththepersonofanother.
ii.Elements:
(3)
Act:
bringsaboutharmfuloroffensivecontactstoplaintiff'
spersonoreffects(rule:
plaintiff'
spersonincludesanythingdirectlyconnectedtotheperson,suchasapenorabookheldbytheplaintiffperson.)
Intent:
tomakeacontact(physicaltouch)
Causation:
betweentheactandharmfuloroffensivetouching
Ps:
defendant'
slikeordisliketowardstheplaintiffisexplainablebutnotnecessarytoestablishtheprimafaciecase.
b)Assault
anactcreatingareasonableapprehensionintheplaintiffofimmediateharmfuloroffensivecontacttotheplaintiff’sperson
Act:
creatingareasonableapprehensionintheplaintiffofimmediateharmfuloroffensivecontacttotheplaintiff’sperson
tocauseapprehension
betweentheactandapprehension
Apprehension:
meanstheplaintiff'
sexpectationofthebattery
Adisplayofforcewhichdirectedspecificallytowardstheplaintiff(e.g.athreateninggesturesuggestingimminent,unconsentedcontact)
Thevictimbeawareofthethreateningconductandactuallyfeelthreatened(notrequireactuallybefrightened,test:
areasonableperson)
e.g1:
a13yearoldboyinmilitaryuniformcarriedaplasticgunandthreatenedanadult------apprehensiveofimminentharm?
-------reasonablepersonstandard.
e.g2:
BstandbehindA;
BwanttostabA;
Afinditlater;
AwanttosueB;
isthereanassault?
Answer:
thereisnoassault——thereisNOapprehensiveof
imminentharmwithinA'
sknowledge
iii.Differencesbetweenassaultandbattery(act)
1.Act:
withoutphysicaltouch-->
Assault;
withphysicaltouch--->
Battery.
2.Time:
beforephysicaltouchh-->
afterphysicaltouch--->
Case15Fisherv.CarrouselMotorHotel,Inc.
FishersuedCarrouselMotorHotel,Inc.,theBrassRingClubandtheemployeeRobertW.Flynnforactualandexemplarydamagesgrowingoutofanallegedassaultandbattery.Thejuryreturnedaverdictof$400foractualdamagesand$500inpunitivedamages.Thetrialcourtrenderedjudgmentforthedefendantnotwithstandingtheverdict.(JNOV)TheplaintiffappealedandtheCourtofCivilAppealsaffirmed.
AtaprofessionalconferenceheldinDefendant'
shotel,oneofDefendant'
semployeesforciblyremovedaplatefromthePlaintiff'
shand,shoutingthata"
Negrocouldnotbeservedintheclub"
.Defendant'
semployeedidnotmakephysicalcontactwithPlaintiff,buttheeventwaswitnessedbymanyofPlaintiff'
scolleagues.
1.Whilethedefendantdidn’tdoanyphysicalharmtotheplaintiff’sbodybutsnatchedanobjectfromhishands,whetheranactionablebatterywascommitted?
2.WhetherthedefendantsmustrespondinexemplaryaswellasactualdamagesforthemaliciousconductofFlynn?
1.Yes.
2.Yes.
1.Thedispossessionofanobjectfromone’shandinanoffensivemannerisactuallyunwantedandintentionalinvasionofone'
sperson(anoffensetohisdignity),thusconstitutesabattery.
2.Aprincipalormasterisliableforexemplaryorpunitivedamagesbecauseofhisagentiftheagentwasemployedinamanagerialcapacityandwasactinginthescopeofemployment.Inthiscase,FlynnwasthemanageroftheBrassRingClubandwasactingwithinthecourseandscopeofhisemployment.
Thetrialcourterredinoverrulingthatmotionandinenteringjudgmentforthedefendantsnotwithstandingtheverdict;
andtheCourtofCivilAppealserredinaffirmingthejudgment.Thejudgmentsbelowarereversedandjudgmentishererenderedfortheplaintifffor$900withinterestfromthedateofthetrialcourt’sjudgmentandforcostsofthissuit.
c)Falseimprisonment
anactoromissiontoactofthedefendantthatconfinesorrestrainstheplaintifftoaboundedarea.
ii.Elements(3)
unlawfulandunconsenteddetentionoftheplaintiffwithinboundaries
toconfinetheplaintiff,omissionorarbitrarily
Confine:
useofunreasonableforce,threatofforceorassertionoflegalauthorityofthedefendant,andharmtotheplaintifforknowledgebytheplaintiffoftheconfinement,bothphysicallyandmentally
Aboundedarea:
apparentlackofareasonableexit
e.g.theshopownermistakenlyshutsomebodydownintheshopwhenhethoughtthereisnobodythere→falseimprisonment
iii.Defense——Shopliftingrule
a)Definition:
Shopkeepershaveaprivilegetodetainsuspectedthiefforinvestigation,whichmaynegateoneoftheelementsoffalseimprisonment.
b)Elements:
(4)
reasonablebelief:
believetheplaintiffwasasuspectedthief
reasonableperiod:
thedetentionisonlyforareasonabletime
reasonablemanner:
onlyreasonableforcewasused()
reasonablepurpose:
forreasonableinvestigation
Case16MariusS.Coblynv.Kennedy’sInc.
aftershoppinginDefendant’sstore,Plaintiff,a70-year-oldman,wasleavingwhenDefendantstoppedhim.DefendantthoughtPlaintiffwasattemptingtostealanascot.Asaresult,PlaintiffwashospitalizedandsuedDefendantforfalseimprisonment..
3.Doesrestraintofpersonalliberty,byfearofapersonaldifficulty,amounttoafalseimprisonment?
4.IfPlaintiffwasfalselyimprisoned,wastheimprisonmentprivileged?
3.Yes
4.No
1.Anygeneralrestraintissufficienttoconstituteanimprisonment.Anydemonstrationo
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英美侵权法 笔记及案例分析 侵权 笔记 案例 分析
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)