英语论文 基于文化差异的英语和汉语身体语言的区别.docx
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英语论文 基于文化差异的英语和汉语身体语言的区别.docx
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英语论文基于文化差异的英语和汉语身体语言的区别
OntheCultureDifferencesofBodyLanguages
BetweenEnglishandChinese
Abstract:
Withtherapiddevelopmentofthesocietyandglobalizationoftheeconomy,peoplehavemoreopportunitiestocommunicatewiththeotherpeoplecomingfromdifferentcultures,atthesametime,thereappearmoreandmoreobstaclescausedbythedifferencesoflanguageandculture.Ininterculturalcommunication,oneofthemostusefulwaystodealwiththeobstaclesistomasterthemeaningofbodylanguage.Bodylanguage,likeverballanguage,isalsoapartofculture.Differentculturesharesdifferentbodylanguagesexceptsomeworld-knownones.Ininterculturalcommunication,thesamebodylanguagemaymeandifferentthings.Usingbodylanguageswronglynotonlymakesyoufailininterpersonalcommunication,butalsocausesconflictsininterculturalcommunication.Sowhatarethedifferencesofthesamebodylanguageindifferentcountry?
Howtoapplybodylanguagescorrectly?
Thispaper,afterborrowingandstudyingtheexperienceoftheforefathers,devotestoacomparisonandcontrastofbodylanguagesbetweenEnglishandChineseintermsofeyelanguage,facialexpressions,gestures,postures,touch,andphysicaldistance.ItaimstoillustratetheculturedifferencesofbodylanguagesbetweenChineseandEnglishinordertomakepeoplefromChinaandEnglish-spokencountriesunderstandeachotherbetterandcommunicatemoreeffectively.
KeyWords:
bodylanguage;interculturalcommunication;culturaldifferences
摘要:
随着社会的飞速发展,经济的全球化,人们的跨文化交往越来越频繁,而且由于语言和文化的差异出现了越来越多的障碍。
在跨文化交际中,消除这些障碍最有效的方法之一,就是了解身势语的含义。
身势语与言语一样,都是文化的一部分。
除一些世界公认的身势语外,不同的文化还有各自的身势语。
跨文化交际时,相同的身势语可能具有完全不同的意义。
错误地使用身势语不仅会使我们在跨文化交际中失败,而且会造成和外国朋友之间的冲突,所以怎样正确地使用身势语,怎样理解身势语的差异都非常重要,该篇论文在借鉴前人成果的基础上,从目光语,面部表情,手势语,身体姿态,体触语和身体距离方面对中英的身势语进行对比。
目的在于通过列举中英身势语的文化差异,从而促进有效交流,避免误解。
关键词:
身势语;跨文化交际;文化异同
Introduction
Peoplecancommunicatewitheachotherthroughnotonlyverbalcommunicationbutalsononverbalcommunication.Moreover,thelatterplaysanessentialrole.Somepsychologistsestimatethatsixtytoeightypercentofallcommunicationispassedthroughnonverbalcommunication.Thatistosay,nonverbalcommunicationplaysanimportantroleininterculturalcommunication.Birdwhistll,anexpertofbodylanguageresearchinthewesternworld,consideredthatmorethan65percentoftheexpressionofemotionsisfinishedbypostures,gestures,facialexpressions,eyemanagementandotherkindsofbodylanguages.Healsopointedoutthatmancouldmakeoutabout250,000kindsofexpressionsonhisface.SomestudiesinAmericaindicatethatinexpressingemotionandattitude,intonationandfacialexpressioncanexpressmorethanninety-threepercentofinformationwhilelanguagecanonlydeliversevenpercentofinformation.Comparewiththecommunicativefunctionofverballanguage,non-verbalcommunicationcantransmitmuchmoreinformationandemotion.(Panke,2003) Bodylanguage,asameansofnon-verbalcommunication,varieswithcultureandsociety.Becauseofdifferentculture,thesamebodylanguagehasdifferentmeaningsandcommunicativefunctions,whichcausesalotoftroubleininterculturalcommunication.Therefore,ininterculturalcommunication,itisveryimportantforustounderstandthebodylanguage.
1.SomeInformationaboutBodyLanguage
Nonverbalcommunicationisaprocessinwhichcommunicatorsusethenaturalfeaturesoftheirbodiestodeliverinformationandexpressspecificmeaninginstinctivelytotheothercommunicator.Thestudyofnonverbalcommunicationcoversthreemajorparts:
proxemics,kinesicsorbodylanguage,andparalanguage.Kinesicsisalsocalledbodylanguage,whichstudiesthemeaningsofthemovementofallpartsofbodyanditincludesmanynonverbalbehaviorsuchaseyelanguage,gestures,postures,facialexpressions,touchandsoon.Whenwespeak,weusemuchmorethanjustwords.Wealsocommunicatewithourface,ourhands,andevenourownbodies.Thiskindofcommunicationcanbecalled‘bodylanguage’or‘non–verbalcommunication’.Samovaroncesaysthat“Kinesicsisthesystematicstudyofbodylanguagemovementsandaction,”andthroughthestudy,kinesicsmakestheseactionandbehaviorsformalizedandencoded.InWebster’sNewDictionary,kinesicsisdefinedas“tosystematicallystudynonverbalbodyaction(suchasblush,eyemovements,etc)andcommunication.”HuWenzhongsaysthatspaceandorientation,andseatingarrangementarealsopartsofbodylanguage.CollinsEnglishLanguageDictionarygivesthefollowingdefinition:
Bodylanguageisthewayinwhichyoushowyourfeelingorthoughtstootherpeoplebymeansofthepositionormovementofyourbodyratherthanwords.AccordingtoValdes,therearethreeclassesofnonverbalbehavior-bodylanguage,objectlanguageandenvironmentallanguage;andbodylanguageincludesmovement,gesture,posture,facialexpre
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