词类总结Word格式.docx
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词类总结Word格式.docx
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V.deer—deersheep—sheepChinese—ChineseJapanese—Japanese
fish(表示鱼的条数)--fish
★aboyplayer—boyplayersagirlsinger—girlsingers(大部分名词作定语用单数形式)
amandoctor—mendoctorsawomanteacher—womenteachers(man,woman单/复)
asportsfield—sportsfieldsaclothesshop—clothesshops(sports,clothes复)
⑶复数名词:
做复数用,无单数形式。
trousers,glasses(眼镜),clothes,people,police,family(家人),class(同学们),
★asportsfield,aclothesshop作单数用
★family①家庭(个体名词,复数为families)Myfamilyisabigone.
②家人(集体名词)Myfamilyarehavingdinnernow.
★class①班级(个体名词,复数为classes)JackandDanielareinthesameclass.
②同学们(集体名词)Goodmorning,class.
★people①民族(个体名词,复数为peoples)Therearefifty-sixpeoplesinourcountry.
②人(集体名词)manypeople
★apairof…,akindof…作单数Thispairofglassesismine.
Mytrousersareabitlong.
Thispairoftrousersisverynice.CanItrythemon?
(做主语谓语动词的数由pair的数决定,与tryon搭配看trousers)
⑷中国传统的长度单位,长度单位人民币元、角、分无复数形式,其他长度单位,长度单位,货币单位都有复数形式。
fivelifivekilometers/ametre/twometres
twojintwokilograms
tenyuanadollar/twodollars
⑸以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a.maths,physics,computerstudies,politics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。
b.news新闻,为不可数名词,goods货物,为不可数名词
c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations是单数
d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
就不可数名词的数量提问用howmuchHowmuch+不可数名词
就可数名词的数量提问用howmanyHowmany+可数名词复数
3、名词的格
⑴单数名词+’sFather’sDayMother’sDayhalfanhour’sflying
tomorrow’spartytoday’spapertheteacher’sdesk
aquarter-of-an-hour’swalkhalfanhour’sbusride
China’sMoonFestivalAmerica’snationalfestival
⑵复数名词(以s结尾)theteachers’officetenminutes’walkChineseTeachers’Day
athreeweeks’holiday(=athree-weekholiday)
复数名词(不以s结尾)Children’sDayWomen’sDayWomen’sTeam
⑶of所有格.apictureofone’sfamilythenameofthefilm
thecapitalofourcountrythepriceofthedictionary
amapoftheworld
⑷双重所有格.afriendofmine=oneofmyfriendsthatoldjobofmyfather’s
(此处mine=myfriends)
thediaryofLeiFeng’sthattripofhis
⑸注意点:
Ⅰ(两人共有的父亲,指一个人)TomandHelen’sfather
(两人各自的父亲,指两人)Tom’sandHelen’sfathers
Ⅱapictureofmyaunt’s我阿姨拥有的(所有照片中的)一张照片,照片的人不一定是她本人
apictureofmyaunt我阿姨本人的一张照片
ThisbookbelongstoKitty.=ThisbookisKitty’s.
DoesthatkeyringbelongtoMillie?
=IsthatkeyringMillie’s?
二、冠词
1、不定冠词a/an:
⑴表一类中任何一个,第一次提及时使用。
There’satreenearthehouse.
⑵表一类,强调整体。
Ahouseisusefultoman.
⑶固定短语。
twiceaweek,seeadoctor,haveagoodtime…
辅音音素开头的词前用a,元音音素开头的词前用an(解题的技巧是先写音标)
ausefulanimalanhoura“u”an“h”
2、定冠词thethe+名词(可单可复)
⑴指特定的人或物,指双方都能体会到的或心中有数的人或事物。
Closethedoor,please.
(2)第一次用a/an,再次提及用the.Isawafilmyesterday.Thefilmisfunny.
(3)世界上独一无二的物。
theearth,themoon,thesun,thesky,theGreatWall
(4)带有后置定语的名词。
themaninblack,theoldmaninthephoto
(5)the+某些形容词theweak/strongthepoor/richtheyoung/old
theweakest/strongesttheaged…
(6)乐器前加the,球类、三餐前不加the.playthepiano/violin/banjo/guitar
playfootball/basketball/volleyball
havebreakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
(7)姓(复数)前加thetheSmithstheJiangstheEinstains
(8)形容词最高级前,序数词前加the
Millieisthetallestgirlinherclass.
thefirstlesson=LessonOne
但形容词最高级前和序数词前指示代词this,that,these,those,形容词性物主代词my,our,your,his,her,its,their,名词所有格时不用任何冠词
mybestfriend
美国用序数词标志的街道名称前不加冠词FifthStreet/SeventhStreet
副词最高级前the可加可不加
3、零冠词的用法(即不用任何冠词)
(1)复数可数名词前,泛指(表示人或物的类别)Horsesareusefultoman.
=Ahouseisusefultoman.
(2)复数可数名词前(泛指不定量的人或物)Therearepencils,pensandbooksonthedesk.
(3)球类,棋类,三餐前
playfootball/basketball/volleyballplaychess/playcards
havebreakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
如果特指或指具体的饮食时可用定冠词Thebreakfastwaswellcooked.
三餐前有形容词修饰时用不定冠词haveabigdinner
(4)名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those,形容词性物主代词my,our,your,his,her,its,their,名词所有格时thisbook/hisbike
(5)物质名词前(表示物质的种类或泛指物质的不定的量)
Canmanlivewithoutair?
preparefoodanddrinkfortheparty
(6)用在某些固定搭配中(名词表示动作)
beinbed在(床上)睡觉beinprison在坐牢
beinhospital在住院beinclass在上课
beintown在城里gototown去城里
gotoschool去上学gotobed去睡觉
gotocollege去上大学beatschool在上学
beatwork在工作attable在就餐
(7)用在与by连用的交通工具名称前bycar/bus/bike/train/plane/air/ship/sea/Underground
(8)表示人名或地理名词等专有名词前JohnBrown/David
inChina/inBeijing/inAmerica/Britain
★theUSA/theUK/theUN/theGreatWall
三、数词
1、写法
⑴1~100基数词--序数词
1~1011~1920,30,40…90,10044,55,88,99
one-first
two-second
three-third
four-fourth
five-fifth
six-sixth
seven-seventh
eight-eighth
nine-nintheleven-eleventh
twelve-twelfth
thirteen-thirteenth
fourteen-fourteenth
fifteen-fifteenth
sixteen-sixteenth
seventeen-seventeenth
eighteen-eighteenth
nineteen-nineteenth
twenty-twentieth
thirty-thirtieth
forty-fortieth
fifty-fiftieth
sixty-sixtieth
seventy-seventieth
eighty-eightieth
ninety-ninetieth
hundred-hundredth
forty-four(基)
forty-fourth(序)
fifty-five(基)
fifty-fifth(序)
eighty-eight(基)
eighty-eighth(序)
ninety-nine(基)
ninety-ninth(序)
ten-tenth
变化规律:
①基变序,有规律,结尾加上th,four-fourth,six-sixth,seven-seventh,ten-tenth
eleven-eleventh,thirteen-thirteenth,fourteen-fourteenth,
fifteen-fifteenth,sixteen-sixteenth,seventeen-seventeenth
eighteen-eighteenth,nineteen-nineteenth,hundred-hundredth
②一二三,特殊记,结尾字母tdd,one-first,two-second,three-third
③八减t,九去e,f来把ve替,eight-eighth,nine-ninth,five-fifth,twelve-twelfth
④y改为ie,结尾再加th,twenty-twentieth,thirty-thirtieth,forty-fortieth
fifty-fiftieth,sixty-sixtieth,seventy-seventieth
eighty-eightieth,ninety-ninetieth
⑤要是碰到几十几,只改个位就可以。
forty-four(基)forty-fourth(序)
fifty-five(基)fifty-fifth(序)
eighty-eight(基)eighty-eighth(序)
ninety-nine(基)ninety-ninth(序)
★与4有关的数词,只有四十和第四十要去ufour—fourth
fourteen—fourteenth
forty--fortieth
★与9有关的数词,只有第九要去enine—ninth
nineteen—nineteenth
ninety--ninetieth
⑵单位:
billion(十亿),million(百万),thousand(千),hundred(百)
365threehundredandsixty-five
4,056fourthousandandfifty-six
23,813twenty-threethousand,eighthundredandthirteen
567,110fivehundredandsix-seventhousand,onehundredandten
274,350twohundredandseventy-fourthousand,threehundredandfifty
6,425,200sixmillion,fourhundredandtwenty-fivethousand,twohundred
★hundreds/thousands/millionsof+复数名词
★threehundredstudents300名学生threehundred+名词
★hundredsofstudents成百上千名学生hundredsof+名词
★threehundredofthestudents这些学生中的300个threehundredofthe+名词
2、用法
⑴基数词-名词(单)构成复合定语atwo-hourplantheboys’400-metrerace
athree-year-oldboyafour-weekholiday
athree-foot-highdeskaten-metre-longbridge
★Theboyisthreeyearsold.
后面没有名词
Thisisathree-year-oldboy.
后面有名词
⑵时刻的表达①≦30分钟:
分钟+past+点
②>
30分钟:
(60-分钟)+to+(点+1)
③整点:
点+(o’clock)
①1:
05fivepastoneoneOfive
2:
10tenpasttwotwoten
3:
15fifteenpastthreeaquarterpastthreethreefifteen
6:
30halfpastsixsixthirty
②7:
35twenty-fivetoeightseventhirty-five
1:
50tentotwoonefifty
9:
45fifteentotenaquartertotennineforty-five
④12:
00twelve(o’clock)
⑶年份,日期1995nineteenninety-five
2005twothousandandfive
2010twothousandandten
1998.6.8.写做:
June8,19988June1998
读做:
Junetheeighth,nineteenninety-eight
theeightyofJune,nineteenninety-eight
⑷世纪(序)、年代(复)19世纪80年代(in)theeightiesofthenineteenthcentury
(in)the1880s读做:
intheeighteeneighties
20世纪50年代(in)thefiftiesofthetwentiethcentury
(in)the1950s读做:
inthenineteenfifties
⑸分数的表达:
分子(基)—分母(序)(★分子=1,分母单数;
分子>
1,分母+s)
1/3one-third,1/12one-twelfth
2/15two-fifteenths,9/20nine-twentieths
★1/2onehalf1/4onequarter/onefourth3/4threequarters/threefourths
(6)小数和百分数的表达1.5onepointfive
25%twenty-fivepercent
25%的学生twenty-fivepercentofthestudents
50%的学生fiftypercentofthestudents=halfofthestudents
1/3的学生one-thirdofthestudents
⑺确定的年龄attheageofthirtyatthirty在三十岁时
不确定的年龄inherthirties在她三十多岁时
(thirty的复数形式)
⑻基数词+more/less+名词onemorecandle,ninemoredays
another+基数词+名词anothersixmonths
⑼编号的表达BusNo.3=theNo.3bus,
LessonTwelve=thetwelfthlesson
⑽半个月halfamonth=ahalfmonth
一个半月oneandahalfmonths=onemonthandahalf
两个半小时twoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf
⑾倍数的表达一倍(once),两倍(twice),三倍,四倍(three/fourtimes)
Yourhouseisthreetimesthesizeofmine.
=Yourhouseisthreetimesasbigasmine.
=Yourhouseistwotimesbiggerthanmine.
注意点:
数词作主语,动词用单数。
Twomonthsisalongtime.
Threeyearshaspassedsinceheleft.
Itisthreeyearssinceheleft.
100dollarsisenough.
30kilomet
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