On the Significance of Contrastive Studybetween English and Chinese浅谈英汉语言对比对研究文档格式.docx
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On the Significance of Contrastive Studybetween English and Chinese浅谈英汉语言对比对研究文档格式.docx
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Thispaperillustratesthedifferencesofthetwolanguagesincontrastofwords,sentencestructure,photographstructure,informationdistributionandculturalbackgroundbetweenthetwolanguagesthroughagreatmanyoflivingexamplestohelpEnglishlearnerstofindthefocusofEnglishstudy,avoidChinglishandimprovetheirtranslationskills,thusrepresentingthesignificanceofcontrastivestudybetweenEnglishandChinese.
KeyWords:
contrastivestudy;
literaturereview;
Englishstudy;
Chinglish;
translationskills;
significance
内容摘要
不同的国家和民族的语言表现出的文化背景和思维模式都有所不同。
对学习英语的中国学生来说,通过英汉语言的对比,可以使其认识到英语和汉语的差别,从而对英语学习能够有更深刻的认识。
许多中国语言学家对英汉语言对比做过大量研究,基于前人的研究,我在论文创作之前做了文献综述,其内容包括:
英汉对比语言学的定义;
及中国英汉对比语言学的发展历程。
本文通过文献综述向大家展示英汉对比语言学的发展历程,从而使更多的人了解并认识到英汉对比的重要性。
本文主要通过大量的实例对英汉两种语言在词汇、句子结构、段落和篇章以及英汉文化上的对比与分析来说明两种语言的相异之处,以帮助英语学习者确定学习重点和针对性,避免中式英语,培养与提高英语学习者的翻译能力。
从而体现出英汉对比研究的重要性。
关键词:
英汉对比研究;
文献综述;
学习重点;
中式英语;
翻译技巧;
重要性
Contents
1Introduction1
2LiteratureReviewonContrastiveStudy3
2.1TheDefinitionofContrastiveStudy3
2.2TheProcessoftheDevelopmentofContrastiveStudyinChina4
3TheSignificanceofContrastiveStudy8
3.1HelpingLearnersFindtheFocusofStudy8
3.2HelpingLearnersAvoidChinglish11
3.3HelpingLearnersImproveTranslationSkills…18
4Conclusion23
Notes24
WorksCited26
Acknowledgements28
DeclarationofThesisOriginality29
1Introduction
SomeAmericanscholarsdevelopedanideathatmostofthedifficultiesinforeignlanguagestudyspringfromdisturbanceofthemotherlanguage.Whenthemotherlanguageandaforeignlanguagearedifferent,theformerwilldisturbthelatter’slearning.However,whentheyarethesame,theformerwillhelpthelatter’slearning.Itiscalled“languagetransfer”.Languagetransferispositivewhenthetwolanguageshavemuchincommon,andwillbenegativewhentheyaredifferent,whicharecalledpositivetransferandnegativetransfer.Intheiropinionlanguagelearnersshouldpayattentiontothedifferencescausedbynegativetransfer.
Thepurposeofcontrastivestudyispromotingpositivetransferbycontrastingthecharacteristicsofthetwolanguages.Intheprocessoflanguagestudyweoftenfindthatiftheforeignlanguageisfamiliarwiththemotherlanguage,itwillbeeasytostudy.TakeKoreanandChineseforexample,therearealotofwordshavingthesamepronunciation,soChinesepeoplewillfinditeasytostudyKorean.Onthecontrary,ifthetwolanguagesaredifferent,thestudywillbedifficult.ForEnglishlearners,it’sagoodwaytodocontrastiveanalysisbetweenEnglishandChinesetohelplearnEnglishwell.
ContrastivestudywillmakeEnglishlearnersknowthecharacteristicsofthetwolanguages.Thecontrastwilltelluswhatshouldbefocusedandinwhatwaythenegativetransfercouldbeavoided.ChineselearnersofEnglishneedtoknowhowtoavoidChinglishandhowtoimprovetheirskills,especiallytranslationskills.Theyshouldmakecontrastiveanalysisonwordsformation,wordsmatching,wordorder,sentencestructure,paragraphstructureandculture.ThuswecanseethesignificanceofcontrastiveEnglishonEnglishstudy.
2LiteratureReviewonContrastiveStudy
ContrastivestudybetweenEnglishandChinesehasdevelopedformanyyears,buttherearestillsomanypeopledon’trealizethesignificanceofcontrastiveEnglish,eventheydon’tknowwhatcontrastiveEnglishis.AsaEnglishmajor,IwanttoimproveEnglishstandard,for10year’sEnglishstudy,IfoundEnglishisnotasdifficultasIimagined,maybethereasonisIbothlikeEnglishandChinese.Engelssaid,“Youcouldknowyourownlanguageonlyifyoucompareditwithotherlanguages.”1So,whenwelearnalanguage,weshouldcompareitwithourownlanguages,thushavingdepthrecognitionofthecharacteristicsofthetowlanguages.Ifwedidso,wecanimproveourstudyefficiency.
InChina,somanylinguistsdolotsofstudyoncontrastivestudy,andbaseontheirstudy,IdoaliteraturereviewoncontrastivestudybetweenEnglishandChinesebeforeIwritemypaper,thisliteraturereviewincludes:
1)Thedefinitionofcontrastivestudy
2)TheprocessofthedevelopmentofcontrastivestudyinChina
Iwanttousethisliteraturereviewshowthedevelopmentofcontrastivestudy,IhopemoreandmoreEnglishlearnerswouldrealizethesignificanceofContrastivestudy
2.1TheDefinitionOfContrastiveStudy
ThefamouslinguistLvShuxiangsaid,“ContrastivestudymeanspayingattentiontothedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese…”MrXuYulongmadeadefinitionofContrastivestudylikethis:
ContrastivestudyisabranchofContrastivelinguistics,thepurposeistoanalyzeandcomparethetwolanguages,todescribethedifferencesandthecommonground,especiallytheirdifferences,andusethisseriesoftheorytosolveproblemsinotherfields.
Contrastivestudyisabranchoflinguistics,ithasthecharacteristicsoftheoreticallinguisticsandappliedlinguistics,themaintaskistodocomparativestudy,todescribeandexplainthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese,andtousethisseriesoftheorytosolveproblemsinotherfields.
2.2TheProcessoftheDevelopmentofContrastiveStudy
inChina
ThetheoryofContrastivestudywasestablishedinChinaafter1990s.BeforethecontrastiveEnglish,therewasanothertheoryChineseCulturalLinguistics,theresearchersadvocatedtoputtheanalysisofvocabularyintotheculturalbackgroundtoanalyzethevocabulary’sculturalfunction.AnalysisofChineseCulturalLinguisticswasafoundationtothecontrastiveEnglishinChina.Thefamouslinguists,LuShuxiang,XuYulong,YangZijian,PanWenguoetc,hasalwayscalledontodosomeresearchoncontrastiveEnglishfromamacroview.
Althoughthefamouslinguists,ZhaoYuanren,WangLiandLuShuxiang,GaoMingkaietc,hasalwayscallonEnglishlearnerstousethecontrastivestudymethod,butinchina,thetermcontrastanalysis,wasregardedasaacademictermafter1970s.Mr.LuShuxiangisthebalancetoactivelyadvocatesresearchandpractitioner.MrLuShuxiang‘Sviewontheresearchofcontrastivestudy:
1)Contrastivestudyisanalysisoferrorsandexplainerrors;
2)Weshoulddotheresearchofcontrastivestudyfromtheconcept(orcategory)setoutinalanguage;
3)Bycontrast,theultimateaimistoexplainthedifferencesofthetwolanguages.
MrLushuxiang’sviewoncontrastivestudyisasignificantdirectionforourwordssemanticresearch:
First,thecontrastofvocabularyshouldpayattentiontothecultureofsemanticandrealism,thusreachingforthepurposeofsecondlanguageacquisition,andalsoshouldpayattentiontotheexplanationwhichisassociatedwiththecollisionandvacancyphenomenon;
Second,weshoulddothecontrastofwordculturalsemanticfromtheconceptof(orcategory)setoutinalanguage;
3)Wemustfocustheultimateaimofcontrastivestudyisresearchtheirnationalcultureandphilosophicthinking.
MoreandmoreChinesepeopleconcerncontrastivestudyin1990s.In1992,professorXuYulong’sbookContrastLinguisticsOverviewwaspublished.ContrastivestudybecameanindependentsubjectinChina.MrXudefinitedcontrastivestudylikethis:
ContrastivestudyisabranchofContrastivelinguistics,thepurposeistoanalyzeandcomparethetwolanguages,todescribethedifferencesandthecommonground,especiallytheirdifferences,andusethisseriesoftheorytosolveproblemsinotherfields.CompareXu’sdefinitionwiththewesternlinguistsJamesandFisiak’sdefinition,MrXu’sdefinitionhasthefollowingprogressivesignificance:
1)Itisclearthatthepropertiesofcontrastivelinguisticsisabranchoflinguistics,itnolongerbelongstoappliedlinguistics,MrXuthinkscontrastivelinguisticsincludestheoryofcontrastivelinguisticsandappliedlinguistics,thusaddingtheoreticalcolortocontrastiveEnglish;
2)Ontheanalysisofcontrastivestudy,Xu’sdefinitionemphasizesthecommongroundofthetwolanguages,theimportanceofthecontrastistheirdifferences;
3)Theresearchingmethodisfocusonthedescriptionoftheirdifferences;
4)Tousetheresultstosolvetheproblemsinotherfields.2
In1994,ProfessorYangZijianProfessorrevisedProfessorXuYuLong’Sdefinitionofcontrastivelinguistics.Hesaid,thecontrastivelinguisticsisabranchoflinguistics,ithasthecharacteristicsoftheoreticallinguisticsandappliedlinguistics,themaintaskistodocomparativestudy,todescribeandexplainthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese,andusethisseriesoftheorytosolveproblemsinotherfields.Thedefinitiondeterminesthenatureofcontrastivelinguisticsandtarget,thuspromotingthedevelopmentofcontrastivestudyinChina.
In1990s,thelinguistsinChina
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