经济适用住房外文文献翻译中英文.docx
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经济适用住房外文文献翻译中英文.docx
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经济适用住房外文文献翻译中英文
可持续性经济适用住房外文翻译中英文2019-2020
英文
Criticalsuccessfactors(CSFs)forsustainableaffordablehousing
MichaelAtafo,AdabreAlbert
Abstract
Interventionsforsustainabilityattainmentinaffordablehousinghavereceivedincreasingattentionfrompolicymakersglobally.However,policy-makers’interventionsforsustainableaffordablehousingmarketscanbeinefficientandevencounterproductive.Assuch,amongthediverseinterventionsavailable,avitalquestioniswhatarethepotentialefficientinterventions?
Toaddressthisquestion,theviewsofaffordablehousingexperts(alsoknowledgeableinsustainablehousing)aroundtheworldweresolicitedviaaquestionnairesurveytoidentifycriticalsuccessfactors(CSFs)forsustainableaffordablehousing.Relativesignificanceanalysisofthedataledtotheidentificationof13CSFs.Furthermore,agreementanalysisrevealedthatthereisnogoodagreementbetweenrespondentsfromtheacademicsectorandthosefromtheindustrialsectorontherankingofthe13CSFs.Moreover,throughfactoranalysis,theCSFsweregroupedintofourunderlyingcomponents:
developer'senablingCSFs;household-demandenablingCSFs;mixedlanduseCSFs; landuseplanning CSFs.Theresearchfindingsseektoinformpolicy-makersontheCSFsforefficientresourceutilizationforsustainableaffordablehousingmarket.FuturestudywouldestablisharelationshipbetweentheCSFsandsuccesscriteriaforsustainableaffordablehousing.
Keywords:
Successfactors,Affordablehousing,Criticalfactors,Sustainablehousing,Affordability
Housingcostisanotedfamilyoutlaywhetherhousingisrentedorboughtandconsequentlyhasakeyeffectonhousehold'slivingstandards[1].Householdswhoareoverburdenedbyhousingcostmaycutbackonotherimportantneedssuchashealthcareanddiet.Besides,inthemediumterm,householdsmay trade-off costsforlowerqualityhousingsuchassmallersizeofroomsandhousinginpoorerlocationswhichlackbetteraccesstoeducationandothersocial amenities.Thelatterhasoftenbeencitedasthecauseofresidentialsegregation[2].Conversely,accesstoadequateaffordablehousingensurespovertyprevention,labourinclusionandavoidanceofsocialexclusion[2].Besides,ahousecanappreciateinvalue,assuchitrepresentsahighfractionofmosthouseholds'wealth[3].Thus,housingcouldbeanessentialinfluencingfactorinthedistributionofbothsocietalincomeandwealthsinceitisbothaconsumptiongoodandaninvestment.Accordingly,policy-makerswhohaveaninterestininterventionintheincomeandwealthdistributionmostlyfocusonhousingasanessentialmeanstoachievesocietalgoals[1].However,thereisachronicundersupplyofaffordablehousing–about5.5yearsaswaitingtimeforhousingallocationamongpotentialhouseholdsinHongKong–makingitdifficulttorealisesomeofthesebenefitsofhousing[4].
Thereisaglobalhousingstressonlow-incomeearners.Amongsome OrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment (OECD)countries,0.471%ofthepopulationwererecordedhomelessinAustraliaintheyear2011.Inthesameyear,thehomelesspopulationforCanada,Chile,DenmarkandIrelandwere0.435%,0.071%,0.095%and0.083%,respectively.In2012,0.200%,0.357%,0.222%and0.347%shareofthetotalpopulationwerehomelessasrecordedintheUnitedStates,Sweden,FranceandGermany,respectively[5].Similar affordability criseshavebeenreportedamongdevelopingcountriessuchasIndia,Malaysia,ChinaandsomeAfricancountries[[6], [7], [8], [9]].Currently,theproliferationofslumsisadirectresultoftheinadequateaffordablehousingsupplytomeettherapidpaceofurbangrowth[10].Forinstance,urbanslumsindevelopingcountriesin2010wasestimatedat199.5millioninSub-SaharanAfrica;190.7millioninSouthernAsia;189.6millioninEasternAsia;110.8millioninLatinAmericaandthe Caribbean.InSouth-EasternAsia,WesternAsia,NorthAfricaand Oceania,thestatisticswereestimatedat88.9,36,11.8and0.6million,respectively[5].Speculationsarethattheworld'spopulationgrowthwillincreasefrom3.6billionto6.3billionin2050withhigh urbanization inbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountries[11].Regardlessofitseconomicbenefits,highurbanizationisalsoa disruption processthathasoftenbeenfollowedbyslumformation[10,12].Therefore,policiesforsustainableaffordablehousingremainapressinggoal.
Appropriately,therehasoftenbeenarenewedinterestamonggovernmentsandotherpolicy-makerssuchasUNandWorldBanktoaddressthegrowinghousingdeficitsinthesetimesofrapidurbangrowth[10].Inpursuitoftheobjectiveofaccesstosustainableaffordablehousing,thesepolicymakersemployvarioussetsofsuccessfactors(interventions)intheirhousingpolicies[2].However,someofthesuccessfactorsmightle
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