Significance of the Research1文档格式.docx
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Significance of the Research1文档格式.docx
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ThisthesisanalyzesToniMorrison’snovelBeloved,inwhichtheblackwomanSethekillsherdaughterbysawingherheadwithahandsaw,andforthisreasonyearslaterthelittleghostcomesbacktorevengeSethe.
Inrecentyears,scholarshaveconcentratedonanalyzingBeloved’sliteraryfeatures,themesanditscontents.Everygenerationhasitsownunderstandingaboutthenovelanditsvalue.ThisthesisfocusesonillustratingSethe’sresentmentsagainstslavery.Toalargeextent,blackwomen’spsychology,humannatureandmaternallovearedistortedbecauseofthelong-termpersecutionofslavery,suchasSethe,whoevenkillsherdaughter.ThisthesisisdiggingoutthedifferentformandexpressionofmaternalloveinthenovelBelovedbycomparingitwithnormalmaternallove.Undertheoppressionofcruelslaveryandotherfactorsarousedbyit,blackwomenhavenochoicebuttodosomethingseemingcruel.
1.2OrganizationofthePaper
Thisthesismainlyanalyzestheprotagonist’sabnormalmaternalloveanditsreasons.Afteranoverallintroduction,Iwillbrieflypresentstudiesofthisnovelbyscholarscomingfromhomeandabroad.ThemainpartfocusesonthemotherhoodoftheblackwomanSethe,especiallystatingthereasonsofSethe’sabnormalmaternallove,includingthecrueltyofslavery,lackingofmaternalloveinherchildhoodandSchoolteacher’soppression.Atlast,aconclusionwillbegiventoterminatethethesis.
Chapter2LiteratureReview
ToniMorrison(1931-)isoneofthemostfamouscontemporaryblackwriters.Morrisonpaysgreatattentiontoblackpeopleandhaswrittenaseriesofnovelsconcerningblackpeople’smiserablefate.ToniMorrison’snovelsarefamousfor
vividdialogue,special
themesandtypicalcharacters.Inhernovels,Morrisonprofoundlyexplorestheinnerworldofblackpeople,includinglove,race,religiousbelief,alienation,friendship,andbetrayal,sex,andevensupernatural,especiallyAfricanAmericanwomen’sprivilegedandsensitiveobservation.Inhernovels,sheshowspeople,language,andsocietyconceptsofvalue,places,politics,andculturaltraditionsthathaveinfluencedAfricanAmericanpeopleaswellasherself.
In1993,MorrisonwonNobelPrizeforLiterature.AsthefirstAfricanAmericanwhoreachedthehonor,shehasgainedreputationallovertheworldandhasbeenfamousasoneofthemajorfiguresinAmericannationalliterature.
Belovedispublishedin1987andisviewedasMorrison’sbestnovel.TheheroineofthisnovelisSethe,whofledfromtheSweetHome----theplantationinKentucky.WhileapossearrivesinOhioandtriestocaptureherback,shekillsherdaughterandtriestokilltheotherthreechildren.Filledwithsuspenseandbitterpoetry,Belovedisanextraordinaryachievement.Glaringattheabyssofslavery,thisexcellentnovelportrayshistoryintheformofastory,whichisasmeaningfulasExodusandassmoothasalullaby.
Afterpublishing,thisnovelhasgainedacriticalsuccess.Itwonthe
manyprizes.Moreover,it
hasbeenadaptedintofilmin1998.Nowadays,theliteraryworldstillhasahighpraiseforthisnovel,forexample,ChicagoSun-TimeonceregardedBelovedasToniMorrison’sbestworkandthatthisnovelexcellentlydisplaysherprodigious.LosAngelesTimesconsidered“itisevendeemedtobesuchamasterworkthatIcan’timagineAmericanliteraturecanwithoutit”.
However,therestillaresomecontroversialaboutthenovel.Ontheonehand,criticsconsideritismelodramaticevenself-indulgenttosomeextent.Ontheotherhand,admirersofthenovelsaythesecriticismsfailtoappreciateMorrison’simaginativerisksarenecessitatedinhermagnitudetopic.Basedonsomuchargumentation,scholarsfromhomeandabroadareincreasinglymore.Consequently,Iwouldliketoillustrateafewofthemasfollows.
Tobeginwith,domesticscholarsalsoattachmuchattentiontothisnovel.QiJixiang,aninstructorinHebeiForeignLanguageProfessionalSchool,publishedanarticleontheinterpretationofBeloved’sidentity.XieJuan’sMemory,StorytellingandSurvivalinBelovedfocusesondiscussingthebatteredsurvivorsofslaveryandtheiroffspringwhogrowupintheshadow.AnotherChinesescholar,JiangJiuhongstudiesthecontradictionbetweenmaternalloveandself-constructionaswellastheLacanianpsychoanalysisofBeloved.BasedonLacan’stheoryofthree-dimensionalworld,sheanalyzedthepsychologicalactivitiesofSethewhenshekilledherchildandhowdidSetheovercomeherpsychogenicdisorder.WangXiaogangandHuangZheninterpretedthemultipleidentitiesofBelovedandclaimedthatthediversityandopennessofBeloved’sidentitywasnaturallyshowedundertheinfluenceofpostmodernism.
Whenitcomestooverseasscholars,studiesonthenovelaremorediversified.TakeTaddRuetenik,aninstructorinphilosophyatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,forinstance,wroteathesisnamedAnimalLiberationorHumanRedemption:
RacismandSpecialisminToniMorrison’sBeloved.Heabstracted:
ToniMorrison'
sBelovedisamorallysophisticatedslavenarrativethat(amongmanyotherthings)dealswiththetopicofracisminAmericanhistoricalconsciousness.Italsoimplicitlyaddressestheissueofspecialism.Morrison’snovelisapoignantexampleofhumanmeliorism,andyetisalsoausefulillustrationofhowtheissueofhumanwell-beingcannotbecleanlyseparatedfromconsiderationofanimalexploitation.Tobesure,Beloveddoeslittletopromotetheinterestsofexploitedanimals,focusinginsteadonexploitedhumans.Morrison’smasterpieceseemstojustifyanimalexploitationasaconditionfortheliberationofhumanslaves(22).
Besides,LarsEckstein’sAlovesupreme:
jazz-theticstrategiesinToniMorrison'
sBelovedpaysattentiontotheimportanceofmusic,notonlyconcerningBeloved,butalsowithregardtothepredicamentofblackDiaspora.Ecksteinsaid:
“WithregardtoBelovedinparticular,hermusicalscopehasreceivedlittlecriticalattention.WhileMorrison’ssubsequentnovelJazzhasbeenacknowledgedandpraisedforitsuseofmusicaltechnique,Belovedhasrarelybeenreadundersimilarpremises(Eckstein2006).”
Chapter3AnalysisofMaternalLove
3.1MaternalLoveinCommonSense
Loveisnottobeconstrainedinthearidnessandsimplicityofbiology,butistobeleftfloatingdelicateandinnocentofanymaterialreality.Therelationshipbetweenamotherandherchildisdifferentfromotherhumanbeings’relationshipsbecauseamother’sloveforherchildisirreplaceable.Thisisreferredtobethewonderofmaternallove.Althoughitcannotbedefinedorexplained,itisuniversallyregardedasoneofthestrongestandgreatestformsoflovethatexistingallovertheworld.Itisproventobethestrongestformoflovebecauseofthefactthatitisthefirstkindoflovethateveryoneexperienceafterheisborn.Thelevelsofmaternallovemaybedifferentfromonetoanother.Maternalloveistheprimaryandvisibleloveintheworld.Itisholyandistheearliestlovecreatedbyprogression.
Mother-childrenrelationshipisdevoutanditisaspecialpartinmotherlylove.Itflowsnaturallybetweenmotherandchildrenandthereisnotanyintentioninmaternallove.Mother’sfeelingsarehonestandgenerous.Maternalloveteachesbabiestobestrongandpreparesthemthenecessaryabilitiestosurviveinthemaliciousandcomplicatedworld.Maternallovealwaysinspireschildrentobeexcellentindoingtheirtask.Inaword,mother’sloveisinvaluable.
Inafamily,therelationshipbetweenmotherandchildrenismostimportantbecausetherelationshipbetweenmotherandchildrenhascrucialandsignificantinfluencesinthewholelifeofchildren.Onlywithenoughmaternallove,canchildrenbeabletogrowupstrongly.Itisproventhatifchildrencannotbeprovidedwithenoughloveintheinitialstages,theywillendupbeingweakerwhenattemptingtomakeitintheharshworld.Themother-childrenbonddevelopsassoonasthemotherbecomesimpregnated.
Accordingtoscientificstudy,therudimentofchildren’spersonalityhasbeenformedwhentheyarefiveyearsold.Howthemotherfostersandtreatschildrenwilldeeplyaffecttheformofchildren’spersonality.Toeachinfant,motheristhepersonwhoisnotonlytheprimaryemotionalattachmentbutalsotheteacherofculturalattitudesandconceptsofvalue.(Sharp2003:
25).
Motherhoodisapermanentthemeintheliteraryworldatanytimesandanyplaces.Asweallknow,almosteverymothertendstoimpartallofherlovetoherchildren.Motherisfullofloveanddevotionandeverymothercanhavethepatienceofsaints.Motherwishisherchildrencangrowhealthilyandhappily.Agreatnumberofmothershavefosteredamaternalawareness,thatis,theywouldliketodevotethemselvestotheirchildrenwithallrespect.
Nevertheless,inBeloved,therepresentationofprotagonist’smaternallovetoherchildrenisdifferentandmonstrous.
3.2Sethe’sExtremeLovetoHerChildren
ThebabyBeloved,notmorethantwoyearsold,waskilledwiththeheadsawedoffbyherownmotherusingahandsaw.Inthisnovel,Sethe’smaternalloveisso“thick”thatshekillsherdaughteranddestroysherself.Theincarnationofherdaughterseemstotestifystrengthofmaternalloveandthenecessityofpassingonmother’sstoriesofloveandresistance.AstheonlyfemaleslaveinSweetHome,SethehasbeentornnotonlyfromtheSchoolteacher’srecordofheranimal-liketraits,suchashispupils’milkingandhiswiping,butalsotornfromherowninfanticideofBeloved.Shekillsherinfantdaughtersoastopreventherfrombeingdefinedasraciallyinferiorandanimalisticwhe
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