英语四级真题及答案汇总Word文档格式.docx
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英语四级真题及答案汇总Word文档格式.docx
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SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
TheU.S.DepartmentofEducationismakingeffortstoensurethatallstudentshaveequalaccesstoaqualityeducation.Todayitis(36)thelaunchoftheExcellentEducatorsforAllInitiative.Theinitiativewillhelpstatesandschooldistrictssupportgreateducatorsforthestudentswhoneedthemmost.
"
Allchildrenare(37)toahigh-qualityeducationregardlessoftheirrace,zipcodeorfamilyincome.Itis(38)importantthatweprovideteachersandprincipalsthesupporttheyneedtohelpstudentsreachtheirfull(39),"
U.S.SecretaryofEducationArneDuncansaid."
Despitetheexcellentworkanddeep(40)ofournation'
steachersandprincipals,studentsinhigh-poverty,high-minorityschoolsareunfairlytreatedacrossourcountry.Wehavetodobetter.Localleadersandeducatorswill(41)theirowncreativesolutions,butwemustworktogetherto(42)ourfocusonhowtobetterrecruit,supportand(43)effectiveteachersandprincipalsforallstudents,especiallythekidswhoneedthemmost."
Today'
sannouncementisanotherimportantstepforwardinimprovingaccesstoaqualityeducation,a(44)ofPresidentObama'
syearofaction.Latertoday,SecretaryDuncanwillleadaroundtablediscussionwithprincipalsandschoolteachersfromacrossthecountryaboutthe(45)ofworkinginhigh-needschoolsandhowtoadoptpromisingpracticesforsupportinggreateducatorsintheseschools.
A.AnnouncingB.beneficialC.challenges
D.commitmentE.componentF.contests
G.criticallyH.developI.distributing
J.enhanceK.entitledL.potential
M.properlyN.qualifiedO.retain
SectionB
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
TheChangesFacingFastFood
A)Fast-foodfirmshavetobeathick-skinnedbunch.Healthexpertsregularlycriticizethemseverelyforsellingfoodthatmakespeoplefat.CriticsevencomplainthatMcDonald'
s,whoselogosymbolizescalorieexcess,shouldnothavebeenallowedtosponsortheWorldCup.Thesearethingsfast-foodfirmshavelearnttocopewith.Butnotperhapsformuchlonger.Theburgerbusinessfacesmorepressurefromregulatorsatatimewhenitisalreadyadaptingstrategiesinresponsetoshiftsintheglobaleconomy.
B)Fastfoodwasoncethoughttoberecession-proof.Whenconsumersneedtocutspending,thelogicgoes,cheapmealslikeBigMacsandWhoppersbecomeevenmoreattractive.Such"
tradingdown"
provedtrueformuchofthelatestrecession,whenfast-foodcompaniespickedupcustomerswhocouldnolongeraffordtoeatatcasualrestaurants.TrafficwasboostedinAmerica,thehomeoffastfood,withdiscountsandpromotions,suchas$1menusandcheapcombinationmeals.
C)Asaresult,fast-foodchainshaveweatheredtherecessionbetterthantheirmoreexpensivecompetitors.In2009salesatfull-servicerestaurantsinAmericafellbymorethan6%,buttotalsalesremainedaboutthesameatfast-foodchains.Insomemarkets,suchasJapan,FranceandBritain,totalspendingonfastfoodincreased.Same-storesalesinAmericaatMcDonald'
s,theworld'
slargestfast-foodcompany,didnotdeclinethroughoutthedownturn.PaneraBread,anAmericanfast-foodchainknownforitsfreshingredients,performedwell,too,becauseitoffershigher-qualityfoodatlowerpricesthanrestaurants.
D)Butnotallfast-foodcompanieshavebeenasfortunate.Many,suchasBurgerKing,haveseensalesfall.Inasevererecession,whilesomepeopletradedowntofastfood,manyotherseatathomemorefrequentlytosavemoney.DavidPalmer,ananalystatUBS,abank,sayssmallerfast-foodchainsinAmerica,suchasJackintheBoxandCarl'
sJr.,havebeenhitparticularlyhardinthisdownturnbecausetheyarecompetingwiththeglobalgiantMcDonald'
s,whichincreasedspendingonadvertisingbymorethan7%lastyearasotherscutback.
E)Somefast-foodcompaniesalsosacrificedtheirownprofitsbytryingtogivecustomersbettervalue.Duringtherecessioncompaniessetpriceslow,hopingthatoncetheyhadtemptedcustomersthroughthedoortheywouldbepersuadedtoordermoreexpensiveitems.Butinmanycasesthatstrategydidnotwork.LastyearBurgerKingfranchisees(特许经营人)sued(起诉)thecompanyoveritsdouble-cheeseburgerpromotion,claimingitwasunfairforthemtoberepuiredtosellthesefor$1whentheycost$1.10tomake.InMayajudgeruledinfavourofBurgerKing.Nevertheless,thecompanymaystillbecursingitsdecisiontopromotecheapchoicesovermoreexpensiveonesbecauseitemsonits"
valuemenu"
nowaccountforaround20%ofallsales,upfrom12%lastOctober.
F)Analystsexpectthefast-foodindustrytogrowmodestlythisyear.Butthedownturnismakingcompaniesrethinktheirstrategies.Manyarenowintroducinghigher-priceditemstoentice(引诱)consumersawayfrom$1specials.KFC,adivisionofYum!
Brands,whichalsoownsTacoBellandPizzaHut,haslaunchedachickensandwichthatcostsaround$5.AndinMayBurgerKingintroducedbarbecue(烧烤)porkribsat$7foreight.
G)Companiesarealsotryingtogetcustomerstobuynewandmoreitems,includingdrinks.McDonald'
sstartedsellingbettercoffeeasachallengetoStarbucks.Its"
McCafe"
linenowaccountsforanestimated6%ofsalesinAmerica.StarbuckshassoldrightstoitsSeattle'
sBestcoffeebrandtoBurgerKing,whichwillstartsellingitlaterthisyear.
H)Asfast-foodcompaniesshiftfrom"
supersize"
to"
morebuys"
theyneedtokeepcustomertraffichighthroughouttheday.Manyseebreakfastasabigopportunity,andnotjustforfattyfood.McDonald'
swillstartsellingporridge(粥)inAmericanextyear.Breakfasthasthepotentialtobeveryprofitable,saysSaraSenatoreofBernstein,aresearchfirm,becausethemarginscanbehigh.Fast-foodcompaniesarealsoaddingmiddayandlate-nightsnacks,suchasblendeddrinksandwraps.Theideaisthatbyhavingagreaterrangeofthingsonthemenu,"
wecanselltoconsumersproductstheywantallday,"
saysRickCarucci.,the.chieffinancialofficerofYum!
Brands.
I)Butwhataboutthosegrowingwaistlines?
Sofar,fast-foodfirmshavecleverlyavoidedgovernmentregulation.Byprovidinghealthyoptions,likesaladsandlow-caloriesandwiches,theyhaveatleastgiventheimpressionofdoingsomethingabouthelpingtofightobesity(肥胖症).Theseofferingsarenotnecessarilyloss-leaders,astheybroadentheappealofoutletstogroupsofdinersthatincludesomepeoplewhodon'
twanttoeataburger.Butcustomerscannotbeforcedtoordersaladsinsteadoffries.
J)Inthefuture,simplyofferingahealthyoptionmaynotbegoodenough."
Everypackaged-foodandrestaurantcompanyIknowisconcernedaboutregulationrightnow,"
saysMr.PalmerofUBS.America'
shealth-reformbill,whichCongresspassedthisyear,requiresrestaurantchainswith20ormoreoutletstoputthecalorie-contentofitemstheyserveonthemenu.AstudybytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch,whichtrackedtheeffectsonStarbucksofasimilarcalorie-postinglawinNewYorkCityin2007,foundthattheaveragecalorie-countpertransactionfell6%andrevenueincreased3%atStarbucksstoreswhereaDunldnDonutsoutletwasnearby--asign,itissaid,thatmenu-labellingcouldfavourchainsthathavemorehealthyofferings.
K)InordertoavoidotherlegislationinAmericaandelsewhere,fast-foodcompanieswillhavetocontinueinnovating(创新).WaltRikerofMcDonald'
sclaimsthechangeithasmadeinitsmenumeansitoffersmorehealthyitemsthanitdidafewyearsago."
Weprobablysellmorevegetables,moremilk,moresalads,moreapplesthananyrestaurantbusinessintheworld,"
hesays.ButtherecentproposalbyacountyinCaliforniatobanMcDonald'
sfromincludingtoysinitshigh-calorie"
HappyMeals"
becauselegislatorsbelieveitattractschildrentounhealthyfood,suggeststhereisalotmorelefttodo.
46.SomepeopleproposelawsbemadetostopMcDonald'
sfromattachingtoystoitsfoodspecialsforchildren.
47.Fast-foodfinnsmaynotbeabletocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulationinthenearfuture.
48.BurgerKingwillstarttosellSeattle'
sBestcoffeetoincreasesales.
49.Somefast-foodfirmsprovidehealthyfoodtogivetheimpressiontheyarehelpingtotackletheobesityproblem.
50.Duringtherecession,manycustomersturnedtofastfoodtosavemoney.
51.Manypeopleeatoutlessoftentosavemoneyintimesofrecession.
52.Duringtherecession,BurgerKing'
spromotionalstrategyofofferinglow-
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