大学英语精读第四册5文档格式.docx
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大学英语精读第四册5文档格式.docx
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Shegetsverybad-temperedwhenshe’stired.
[词形转换]
tempern.&
v.
n.脾气,易怒的性情;
怒气;
情绪,性情
v.(formal)tomakesthlessseverebyaddingsomethingthathastheoppositeeffect.使缓和,使温和
Justicemustbetemperedwithmercy.
aviolent/quicktemper急性/火性脾气
inatemper一气之下
beinabad/foultemper心情不好
lose/keepyourtemper(withsb)发脾气/忍住火气
tempersth(withsth)使缓和,使温和
baker[’n.
1apersonwhosejobisbakingandsellingbreadandcakes面包(糕饼)师傅;
面包店老板
2(baker’s)(pl.bakers)ashopthatsellsbreadandcakes:
I’mjustgoingtothebaker’s.
[常用短语]abaker’sdozen(old-fashioned)13
[词形变换]
bakev.
(在烤炉里)烘烤;
焙(将某物)烤硬;
(变得)灼热,炎热
bakeryn.面包店(厂)
bastard;
n.
1.usedtoinsultsb,especiallyaman,whohasbeenrude,unpleasantorcruel杂种;
混蛋;
恶棍:
He’sarealbastard.
2.awordthatsomepeopleusedaboutortosb,especiallyaman,whotheyfeelveryjealousoforsorryfor(认为别人走运或不幸时说)家伙,可怜虫:
Whataluckybastard!
3.usedaboutsththatcausesdifficultiesorproblems讨厌的事物;
麻烦事:
It’sabastardofaproblem.
4.(old-fashioned,disapproving)apersonwhoseparentswerenotmarriedtoeachotherwhenheorshewasborn私生子
bastardlya.私生的;
庶出的;
伪造的;
鄙劣的
bastardizev.[VN](formal)拙劣的仿造
bloodyadv.&adj.
adv.aswearwordthatmanypeoplefindoffensivethatisusedtoemphasizeacommentoranangrystatement用以加强语气;
很多人认为含冒犯之意:
Don’tbesuchabloodyfool.
Shedidbloodywelltowinthatrace.
adj.(bloodier,bloodiest)
1.involvingalotofviolenceandkilling嗜杀的;
血腥的;
残暴的:
abloodybattle一场血战
2.coveredwithblood;
bleeding血淋淋的;
流血的:
togivesbabloodynose(=inafight)把某人打得鼻孔流血
[常用短语]bloodywellusedtoemphasizeanangrystatementoranorder(强调气愤的话或命令):
Youcanbloodywellkeepyourjob—Idon’twantit!
[词形变换]
bloodn.血液,血
bloodlessadj.苍白的,无血色的
bleedv.流血
bugle:
n.
amusicalinstrumentlikeasmalltrumpet,usedinthearmyforgivingsignals军号
buglern.apersonwhoplaysthebugle司号兵,号手
charger:
n.
1.apieceofequipmentforloadingabatterywithelectricity充电器
2.(olduse)ahorsethatasoldierorknightrodeinbattleinthepast(旧时的)军马,战马
chargen.&v.
n.1.money[C,U]charge(forsth)theamountofmoneyyouhavetopayforgoodsorservices(商品或服务所需的)要价、收费
2.responsibility[U]thepositionofhavingcontrolorresponsibilityforagroupofpeopleoranactivity主管,掌管,责任:
Hetook
chargeofthefarmafterhisfather’sdeath.
3.electricity[C,U]theamountofelectricitythatisputintoabatteryorcarriedbyasubstance(电池或带电池物质的)充电量,电荷:
apositive/negativecharge正/负电荷
4.anofficialclaimmadebythepolicethatsbhascommittedacrime指控,控告
v.1.askasaprice,askinpayment索价,要价2.makeachargeagainst;
rushforwardandattack突击;
猛攻
freeofcharge免费/inchargeof负责某事/inthechargeof(sb’scharge)由…管
crook[]n.
1.[C]informalsomeonewhoisdishonest(非正式)骗子;
无赖:
Iwouldn’tbuyacarfromthem----they’reabunchofcrooks.
2.[C]alongstickwithacurvedend,usedbypeoplewholookaftersheep(牧羊用的一端有弯钩的)手杖:
theshepherd’scrook
[常用短语]thecrookofyourarm臂弯:
Shecradledthelittledoginthecrookofherarm..
[补充意义]v.[T]ifyoucrookyourfingeroryourarm,youbendit使(手指,手臂)弯曲:
Shebeckonedme,crookingherfinger.
adj.[neverbeforenoun.informalAustrE] ill有病的,生病的
[词形变换]crookedadj.不诚实的;
弯曲的
crookedlyadv.欺骗地;
弯曲地
crookednessn.欺骗;
弯曲
cross[]v.(crossed,crossed,crossing)
1.[I,T]goacross;
passorextendfromoneside
totheothersideof(sth.)穿过,渡过:
Two
cyclistscrossedthefinishlinetogetherinfirst
place.
2.[T]putorplace(sth.)acrossoroversth.elseofthesametype(使)交叉,(使)相交:
Shewassittingonthefloorwithherlegscrossed.
[补充意义]n..1.[C]markmadebydrawingonelinecrossanother,eg.“x”or“+”十字形,十字架等:
I'
veputacrossonthemaptomarkwhereourhouseis.
2.[C]offspringofanimalsorplantsofdifferentsortsorbreeds杂交,杂种:
Theirdogisacrossbetweentwowell-knownbreeds.
adj.[usuallybeforenoun]especiallyBritishEnglishangryorannoyed生气的,恼怒的:
Alrightyoutwo,don’tgetcrosswitheachother!
crossoff(从…)化掉
crossone’smind想起
crossout划掉,涂掉
crossone’sheart向…保证
crossover投奔敌方,投诚到我方
crossswordswith争论,辩论
[典型考题]Thenwestartedtopushourway_____crowdsofchildren.
A.acrossB.crossC.throughD.past
[试题详解]
答案C.句意:
于是我们就开始从一群孩子中挤出去。
across“从一边到另一边,横过”,它强调从空中或平面过去,如walkacrossthestreet走过这条街,abridgeacrosstheriver横跨河上的一座桥,它没有从某物中间穿过的意思,因此不能用于“穿过人群”这种情况。
cross虽然有“横穿,穿过”的意思,但词性却是动词,在本题中不能用。
past意为“从一边到另一边”,所带的名词常被看作一个独立的物体,如Shewalkedpasttheshop.她走过那家商品。
past没有从内部通过的意思,因此不适合于本题。
只有through指(空间)通过一物或洞穴的“穿过”,“通过”。
如:
Thetrainhaspassedthroughthetunnel.火车已通过隧道。
因此C正确。
disfigured[]adj.
[dis-(否定)+figure(造型)+-ed]havingtheappearancespoiled毁容的,变丑的;
毁坏的:
Hisfacehasbeendisfiguredinanaccident.
[典型考题]Thechurchwas______bythehalf-builtsteeple.
A.blemishedB.disfigured
C.defacedD.marred
[试题分析]此题为易混词辨析,答案为B.
[详细解答]句意:
教堂被造了一半的尖塔影响了外观。
这组选项有对一个人或一件物件的外表造成伤害或损坏的意思。
disfigure和mar意指比较永久性的伤害。
这两个词的区别在于disfigure表示轮廓或外貌的改变,而mar则可用于大体上不会改变外观,但可能减低效力或功能的不经心破坏,如:
Therecordwassomarredthatitwasalmostimpossibletolistento.“这张唱片损坏的很厉害,几乎不可能再听了。
”deface和blemish往往可与disfigure及mar交换使用,不过常用于较不永久的伤害或破坏。
deface差不多总表示把瑕疵加在原本并没有被disfigure的物品上,动机往往是不良的用心,如:
campaignpostersdefacedbygraffiti“遭人涂鸦弄污了的竞选海报”,而事物可能被与生俱来的缺陷所blemish,如:
aprogramblemishedfromtheoutsetbyalackoffunds“一个一开始就因缺乏经费而受掣肘的计划”。
disfigurev.毁坏(某事物)与生具有的美丽
disfigurementn.毁容,缺陷,畸形
disfiguringadj.面容损毁的
ex-[]prefix
formerandstillliving以前的,前任的(仍然在世的):
myex-wife我的前妻
anex-Englandcricketer前英格兰板球运动员
ex-con以前的罪犯,有前科者ex-directory不记载于电话号码簿的
ex-officio[法]依职业的,当然的
fantasize[]v.
(fantasized,fantasized,fantasizing)
[I,T](=fantasiseBrE)toimaginesomethingstrange,orverypleasanthappeningtoyou想象;
幻想:
Helikedtofantasizethathehadwonagoldmedal.
fantasizeabout想象,幻想:
ShewouldfantasizeaboutherfuturelifewithKyle.
[词形变换]fantasyn.幻想,胡思乱想
fantasticadj.奇异的,古怪的
fantasticaladj.奇异的,荒唐的,虚构的
fantasticallyadv.吓人地
fend[fend]v(fended,fended,fending)
[I]Towithstandtheforceofsomething抵抗;
抵御,抵挡例句:
Themountainclimbershadtofendagainsttheiceandsnow.
[T]fendsb/sthoffphrv
Todefendyourselfagainstsomeonewhoisattackingyou挡开某人或某物的(攻击)例句:
Abagorbriefcasecanbeusedtofendoffanattack
Todealwithdifficultquestions,especiallybyavoidingansweringthemdirectly避开,回避(难题)例句:
Ididmybesttofendoffhiscriticalremarks.
Fendforoneself;
totrytomanagewithouthelp供养,照料例句:
Theyoungstershadtofendforthemselvesaftertheirparentsdied
fendern.防卫物;
(汽车等的)挡泥板;
(暖炉的)炉围;
(船只的)碰垫
[词义辨析]fend&
defend
defend:
todosomethinginordertoprotectsomeoneorsomethingfrombeingattacked多指保护,保卫;
另一个意思指为……辩护,为……辩解,常用配为defend……against/from保护……免遭。
而fend多强调抵挡这个动作。
fork[n.
1.[C]atoolusedforpickingupandeatingfood,withahandleandthreeorfourpints餐叉,叉子:
knivesandforks刀叉
2.[C]Agardentoolusedfordigging,withahandleandthreeorfourpints叉,耙
3.[C]placewherearoad,river,treebranch,etc,dividesintotwoparts岔口,岔流:
theturningfork
[补充词义]v.
1.[I]Ifaroad,path,orriverforks,itdividesintotwoparts(道路或河流)分岔例句;
Heretheriverforks.
2.[T]topickup,carry,orturnsomethingoverusingafork叉起,(用叉)搬运(用叉)翻耙例:
toforkone'
sfingers;
toforkhay
forkleft/right在岔口往左拐/往右拐
forkoutshphrv【非正式】
(不情愿)付钱,付出
例句:
Ihadtoforkoutover600¥onmycarwhenIhaditserviced.
forkedadj
havingoneenddividedintotwoormoreparts叉状的,分岔的,有叉的
Snakehaveforkedtongues,.
frenzied['
frenzi:
d]adj
Frenziedactivityisdonewithalotofanxietyorexcitementandnotmuchorganizationorcontrol狂乱的,疯狂似的
frenziedeffortstofindasolution
Frenziedlyadv疯狂地
Frenzyn.疯狂,狂热,狂乱
[常用短语]:
1.Inafrenzy疯狂地
Shepleadedwiththeminafrenzytoreleaseherson.
2.Afrenzyofpassion/remorseetc一阵狂热,,一阵懊悔
furiously[]
extremelyangrily狂怒地
furiousnessn.猛烈,狂暴
furiousadj
.Extremelyangry狂暴的,暴怒的例句:
I'
veneverbeensofuriousinmywholelife.Donewithalotofenergy,effort,oranger猛烈的,强烈的例句:
Therewasasuddenfuriousbarkingfromthebackyard.
befuriouswith\at\aboutsth对……感到生气例句;
HewasfuriouswithhimselffornotstandinguptoPeter.
Gateway['
ɡeitwei]n.
1.[c]Theopeninginawallorsomethingthatcanbeclosedbyagate(篱笆或围墙上的)出入口
2thegatewaytoaplace,thatyoucangothroughinordertoreachanothermuchbiggerplace通向更广阔地区的通道,门户例:
TheportofDoverisEnglandsgatewaytoEurope。
Awayofachievingsomething……的途径,……的手段例:
Gratitudeisthegatewaytowealth.Hareworkisthegatewaytosuccess.
[补充意义]
awayofconnectingtwocomputernetworksthatwouldotherwisenotbeabletobeconnected(术语)网关(Gateway)网关是一种充当转换重任的计算机系统或设备
[词义辨析]gate&
gateway
gate多指门,栅栏门:
agardengate或机场大楼里的登机门
glaze[]v.(glazed,glazed,glazing)
1.[I]ifyoureyesglazeover,theyshownoexp
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