中国制鞋业和温州模式世界主要生产和出口鞋商的观点外文翻译.docx
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中国制鞋业和温州模式世界主要生产和出口鞋商的观点外文翻译.docx
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中国制鞋业和温州模式世界主要生产和出口鞋商的观点外文翻译
中国制鞋业和温州模式:
世界主要生产和出口鞋商的观点外文翻译
外文翻译
原文
China’sShoeManufacturingandtheWenzhouModel:
PerspectivesontheWorld’sLeadingProducerandExporterofFootwear
MaterialSource:
JournalEurasianGeographyandEconomics
Author:
Y.H.DennisWei
INTRODUCTION
Theglobalmapofindustrialproductionisinastateofnearlyunprecedentedflux,reflectingChina’sspectacularriseandsuccessinbecomingadominantplayerintheworldeconomicarena.Althoughstillidentifiedwithcommunistideology,thecountry’smostdramaticgrowthinoutputhasoccurredinexportableconsumergoodssuchasclothingandfootwear.
ExportsfromChinahavefloodedglobalmarkets,sothatthecountryhasbynow
earnedthewell-deservedreputationasthe“world’sfactory.”In2008,itsGDPbecametheworld’sthird-largest,surpassingthatofGermanyandchallengingtheleadingpositionoftheUnitedStates.
HowhasChinaachieveditsremarkableriseinproduction,andwhatroleshaveitsindustriesandregionsplayedintheprocess?
Thecountry’sfootwearindustryrepresentsaclearexampleofChina’sriseinmanufacturing,andthusprovidessomerevealinganswerstothatquestion.ThelimitedWesternliteraturepositsthatChina’sfootwearfactoriesareconcentratedintheexport-orientedPearlRiverDeltaPRD,wheregrowthisdrivenbyforeigninvestmentandexternalproductionunderablueprintfordevelopmentpopularlyknownasthePRDmodele.g.,seeScott,2006.Butwhilethispicturereflectsthesituationintheearly1990s,itneedstobeupdated,iffornootherreasonthatseveralmajorcentersoffootwearproductionincludingQuanzhouFujianProvince,ChengduSichuan,andChongqingandWenzhouZhejiangalsohavebynowbeenestablishedinChina.
ThispaperattemptstoexpandourknowledgeofindustrialandregionaldevelopmentbypresentingastudyoffootwearindustryintheWenzhouMunicipality,whichcouldbecalledChina’s“capitaloflocalcapitalism.”ThemunicipalityisknownfortheWenzhoumodelofindustrialdistrictsandregionaldevelopment,basedonbottom-updevelopmentoffamily-ownedsmallbusinessenterprisesembeddedindenselocalinstitutions.
Wenzhou’sdistrictsresemblethoseoftheMarshallianindustrialdistrictsMIDsmorefrequentlystudiedandcitedintheliteratureseeA.P.L.Liu,1992;Y.L.Liu,1992;Parris,1993;MaandCui,2002;Sonobeetal.,2004;YeandWei,2005;Walcott,2007;Weietal.,2007;Huangetal.,2008.Theresemblance,however,tendstofadesincethelate1980s,afterWenzhou’sfamilyenterpriseshaveundergonetwomajorroundsofinstitutionalchangeandfacedseveralstrategicchoices,inconjunctionwiththeemergenceofmultiregionalenterprisesMREs.
Inthispaper,IwillattempttointerpretthedevelopmentandrestructuringofWenzhou’sfootwearindustryinanefforttoprovideaclearerpictureinthecontextofChina’sregionaldevelopmentmodelse.g.,PRD,Sunan,andWenzhou.Insodoing,IchallengeboththeNewRegionalismliteraturethatfocusesonsmallfirmsandlocalassets,aswellasperspectivesthatplaceundueemphasisonintegrationwithglobalnetworksandexogenousfactorsofdevelopment.IwillarguethatneitherapproachprovidesadequateexplanationsofregionaldevelopmentinChina.
THERESEARCHSETTING
MyresearchactivitiesfocusedontheMunicipalityofWenzhouinsouthernZhejiangProvince;Fig.1,whichcoversanareaof11,784km2.Inhabitedbyanestimated7.9millionpeoplein2008,ithadaconcentrationof1.42millioninitsurbandistrictWSB,2008.ThedistrictWenzhouCityformedthetraditionaleconomiccoreofthemunicipality,whichinaggregateaccountedfor81.5percentofitsgrossregionalproductibid..
MyresearchonWenzhouwasinitiatedinthelate1990s,andfrom2003to2005
involvedsurveysandpersonalinterviewswithlocalcompaniesandgovernmentofficials.Withrenewedfunding,webegananotherroundofextensivefieldresearchinAugust2008inWenzhouincollaborationwithlocalresearchersaffiliatedwiththeWenzhouInstituteofEconomicConstructionandPlanningandagroupoffacultyandstudentsfromtheDepartmentofUrbanandRegionalEconomicsatEastChinaNormalUniversity.Ourteamincludedmorethan40researchersandstudentsfromWenzhouaswellasfromothercities.TogetherweinterviewedalmostallbusinessassociationsinWenzhouN20aswellasmorethan100firmsrecommendedbytheseassociationsandrepresentingdifferentsectorsandenterprisesizes;manyareamongthemostinfluentialenterprisesintheregion.Withregardtoitsfootwearindustry,weinterviewedthetworelevantbusinessassociationsand15typicalcompanies,providingarepresentativesampleoftheentireshoemanufacturingclusterandproductionprocess.Interviews,averaging1.5hours,wereconductedwithbusinessowners,generalmanagers,andotherhigh
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- 关 键 词:
- 中国 制鞋 温州 模式 世界 主要 生产 出口 观点 外文 翻译
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