大学四级163Word下载.docx

大学四级163Word下载.docx

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解析：

[经典范文]

{{B}}

TheCrazeforCertificates{{/B}}

[1]Nowadays,acrazeforcertificates[2]hasprevailedinoursociety.StudentsareworkinghardtogetcertificatessuchasCET-4andCET-6.Companystaffandevensomeofficialsgobacktoschoolforthecertificatestomeetvariousneeds.Itseemseveryoneisstrivingforcertificates.

[3]Whyarecertificatessoimportantandattractive?

Itcanbeexplainedfromtwoangles.Firstly,certificateeducationisanindispensablesupplementtocurriculareducation.Extracurriculumstudyforcertificateshelpdevelopone'

sskillsforfutureuse,mostofwhichcannotbeacquiredfromthenormalclassroomstudy.What'

smore,thecrazeforcertificates[4]arisesfromthedemandofthecompetitivesociety,[5]wherecertificatesplayanimportantpartinjobhunting.[6]Themorecertificatesonehas,themorejobopportunitiesonewillhave.

Inmyopinion,[7]whileitistruethatcertificatesareessentialtoone'

sfuturecareer,itdoesn'

tfollowthatcertificatesmeaneverything.One'

sabilitybehindcertificatesmattersmuchmore.Itis,therefore,suggestedthat[8]moreemphasisbeputontheprocessofgettingacertificatethanonthepurpose.

[写作指南]

这是一篇典型的说明类作文，要求考生先引出“社会上有一股证书热”的现象，然后列举两到三个“证书热的原因”，最后谈谈“我对证书热的看法”，要简明，不宜过多展开。

根据写作要求，文章的结构安排如下：

第一段开头段，引出“社会上有一股证书热”的现象；

第二段中间段，列举两到三个“证书热的原因”；

第三段结尾段，简明谈谈“我对证书热的看法”。

[亮点解析]

[1]意思为“现在”，通常用于引出现象。

类似表达法有now，atpresenttime，recently等。

[2]意思为“盛行”，用于描述现象。

类似表达法有hasspread，hasbecomepopular等。

[3]利用问句引出原因。

[4]意思为“源于”，用于描述原因。

类似表达法有comefrom，stemfrom，derivefrom等。

[5]利用非限定性定语从句加以补充说明。

[6]意思为“越……越……”，表示比较。

[7]意思为“虽然……是对的，但是不能说……”，用于引出观点。

[8]意思为“我们要更加重视”，类似表达法有greaterimportanceshouldbeattachedto，moreattentionshouldbepaidto等。

二、{{B}}PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）{{/B}}（总题数：

70.00）

Sharks{{/B}}

Sharksareamazingfishthathavebeenaroundsincelongbeforethedinosaursexisted.Theyliveinwatersallovertheworld,ineveryocean,andeveninsomeriversandlakes.

SharksandBonyFish

Unlikebonyfish,sharkshavenobones;

theirskeletonismadeofcartilage（软骨）,whichisatough,fibroussubstance,notnearlyashardasbone.Cartilage,astrongfibrous（纤维的）substance,issofterthanbone;

ournoseandearsaremadeofcartilage.Sharksalsohavenoswimbladder（unlikebonyfish）.

{{B}}Size{{/B}}

Therearemanydifferentspeciesofsharksthatrangeinsizefromthesizeofaperson'

shandtobiggerthanabus.Thewhalesharkisthelargestfishintheworld;

thebaskingsharkisthesecondlargestfish.Fully-grownsharksrangeinsizefrom7incheslong（theSpinedPygmyshark）,upto50feetlong.Mostsharksareintermediateinsize,andareaboutthesamesizeaspeople,5-7feetlong.Halfofthesharkspeciesareunder39incheslong.

{{B}}VarietyofSharks{{/B}}

Thereareabout368differentspeciesofsharks,whicharedividedinto30families.Thesedifferentfamiliesofsharksareverydifferentinthewayoflook,live,andeat.Theyhavedifferentshapes,sizes,colors,fins,teeth,habitat,diet,personality,methodsofreproduction,andotherattributes.Sometypesofsharkareveryrareandsomearequitecommon.Thespinydogfishsharkisthemostcommonshark.

{{B}}BodyShapes{{/B}}

Sharkshaveavarietyofbodyshapes.Mostsharkshavestreamlined（流线型的）,Somesharkshaveanelongatedbodyshape（e.g.cookiecuttersharksandwobbegongs）.Sawsharkshaveelongatedsnouts,threshersharkshaveatremendouslyelongateduppertailfinwhichtheyusetostunprey,andhammerheadshaveextraordinarilywideheads.Thegoblinsharkhasalarge,pointedprotuberance（突出）onitshead;

itspurposeisunknown.

{{B}}Teeth{{/B}}

Theteethofsharksarealsostriking.Sharksmayhaveupto3,000teethatonetime.Mostsharksdonotchewtheirfood,butswallowitdownwholeorinlargepieces.Theteetharearrangedinrows;

whenonetoothisdamagedorlost,itisreplacedbyanother.Mostsharkshaveabout5rowsofteethatanytime.Thefrontsetisthelargestanddoesmostofthework.

{{B}}Diet{{/B}}

Sharksvarygreatlyintheirdiets,buttheyareallcarnivores（食肉动物）.Someeatfish,othersharks,andmarinemammals;

someeatshellfishfromtheoceanfloor;

andotherseattinybitsofplankton（浮游动物）andsmallanimalsfromthewaterastheyswimwithopenmouths.Theyeathugeamountsofthesetinyanimalsandplants.

{{B}}SharksAttacks{{/B}}

Whensomesharks（liketheGreatWhiteortheGrayReefshark）turnaggressivepriortoanattack,theyarchtheirbackandthrowbacktheirhead.Theyalsomovetheirtailmoreacutely（probablyinpreparationforachase）.

Sharksdonotnormallyattackpeople,andonlyabout25speciesofsharksareknowntoattackpeople.Sharksattackfewerthan100peopleeachyear.Manymorepeoplearekilledbybeesorlightning.

Thesharksthatarethemostdangeroustopeoplearethegreatwhiteshark,thetigershark,thebullshark,andtheoceanicwhitetipshark.Thebullsharkisthemostfrequentattackerofpeopleasitswimsinveryshallowwaterswherepeopleswimandisaveryplentifulshark.Someoftheothersharksthatareknowntohaveattackedpeopleincludethegrayshark,blueshark,hammerheadshark,makoshark,nurseshark,lemonshark,blacktipreefshark,wobbegongs,sandtiger,spittingsharks,andtheporbeagle.Somepeoplebelievethatsharksmistakepeople（especiallypeopleswimmingonsurfboards）forsealsandsealions,someoftheirfavoritefoods.

Occasionally,agroupofsharkswillattackafoodsource（forexample,aschooloffish）inamaniacalfashion.Theywillwildlyattackthefoodandanythinginthearea,eveneachother,sometimeswoundingoreatingfellowsharks.

{{B}}Habitat{{/B}}

Sharksliveinoceansandseasallovertheworld,andeveninsomeriversandlakes,especiallyinwarmerwaters.Somesharkslivenearthesurface,somelivedeepinthewater,andothersliveonorneartheoceanfloor.Pelagic（远洋的）sharks（livingintheopenocean）includethegreatwhiteshark,thebaskingshark,etc.Benthicsharks（livingattheoceanfloor）includethezebrahornshark,thewobbegongs,andtheangelshark,whichusuallyhaveflattened,camouflaged（伪装的）bodiesthatletthemhideintheseabed.SomesharksevenventuremanymilesupintothefreshwaterofriversliketheMississippiintheUSAandtheAmazoninBrazil.Thebullshark（Carcharhinusleucas）sometimesventuresintofreshwater.

{{B}}MigrationofSharks{{/B}}

Somesharksliveinrelativelywarmwaters（hammerheads,bullsharks,andtigersharks）.Othersharks,suchasthethresher,mako,baskingandblueshark,liveintemperatewater（whichisneitherhotnorcold）.Others,includingthedogfish,Greenland,andgoblin,liveincoolwaters.Somesharksstayinthesameregionintheirentireliveswhileotherstravelacrossoceans.Therearethreedifferenttypesofsharkswhenitcomestomigratory（迁移的）patterns:

Localsharks,coastalpelagicsharks,andhighlypelagicsharks.Localsharksdonotmigrate,andrangeonlyaboutahundredmilesfromtheirhabitat,coastalpelagicsharkscanmigrateover1,000miles,whilehighlypelagicsharksmigrateacrossoceans.

{{B}}EvolutionofSharks{{/B}}

Sharkshaveexistedforover350millionyears.Theyevolvedover100millionyearsbeforethedinosaursdid.Thiswaslongbeforepeopleevolved.Mostfossilevidenceofearlysharksisfromfossilizedteethandafewskinimpressions.Cladodonts,primitivesharks,haddouble-pointedteeth,wereupto6feetlongandlivedabout360millionyearsago;

theyatefishandcrustaceans（甲壳类）.

Megalodonwasanancient,meat-eatingshark,livingbetween25-1.6millionyearsago;

itisextinct.Itwasover40feetlong,butthisisonlyanestimatefromfossilteeththathavebeenfound.Itsteethresemblethoseofthegreatwhitesharkbutarealmost3timeslarger;

theseteethareeachthesizeofaperson'

shand!

（1）.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

7.00）

A.Thepassagetellsusthehabitatandmigrationofsharks.

B.Thepassagetellsuswhysharksaredangeroustopeople.

C.Thepassageintroducestheevolutionalprocessofsharks.

D.Thepassageintroducesthebasicinformationaboutsharks. 

√

[题眼寻踪]Whatisthe{{U}}mainidea{{/U}}ofthepassage?

[原文定位]文章首句和各个小标题。

[答案详解]题目问的是文章的大意，通过快速浏览文章的小标题，不难发现，文章介绍鲨鱼的大小、种类、外形、牙齿等基本信息。

（2）.Differentfrommostfishes,sharks'

bodyisupheldby______.（分数：

A.bones

B.cartilage 

C.fiber

D.skeleton

[题眼寻踪]Differentfrommostfish，{{U}}sharks'

body{{/U}}isupheldby______.[原文定位]在SharksandBonyFish标题下第一句：

Unlikebonyfish，sharkshavenobones；

theirskeletonismadeofcartilage（软骨），whichisatough，fibroussubstance，notnearlyashardasbone．[答案详解]显然和其他鱼不同的是，鲨鱼没有骨头（bones），其骨架是由软骨（cartilage）构成的。

（3）.WhichofthefollowingdescriptionaboutthesizeofsharksisTRUE?

A.Mostsharksareaboutthesamesizeashumanbeings. 

B.Sharksarethelargestfish;

mostofthemarebiggerthanbuses.

C.Mostsharksaremuchlongerthanhumanbeings.

D.Sharksarebiganimals;

mostofthemareabout50feetlong.

[题眼寻踪]Whichofthefollowingdescriptionabout{{U}}thesizeofsharks{{/U}}isTRUE?

[原文定位]在Size标题下倒数第二句提到：

Mostsharksareintermediateinsize，andareaboutthesamesizeaspeople，5-7feetlong．[答案详解]大部分鲨鱼尺寸中等，5-7英尺长，和人的身高差不多。

（4）.Whichofthefollowingsharksisthemostcommonsharks?

A.Thewhaleshark.

B.Thespinydogfishshark. 

C.Thebaskingshark.

D.Thegreatwhiteshark.

[题眼寻踪]Whichofhef