青海三江源区生态环境保护工作展望Word格式.docx
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青海三江源区生态环境保护工作展望Word格式.docx
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TheGeneralSecretaryXiJing-pingpointedoutthattheperilsthatwaterandthesourcesencounteredarethesameperilsthreateningthelivingenvironmentandpermanentexistenceofChinesenation.Wemustvalueandconductourstruggleofsolvingtheproblemofwatersecurityonahighplaneofconstructingawell-beingsocietyandachievingasustainabledevelopment.AttheThirdSessionofthe12thNationalPeople’sCongress,PremierLiKeqiangpointedoutintheGovernmentWorkReportthatwemustdoublyvaluethegreenpropertiesgrantedtohumansbythenature:
forestry,grassland,rivers,lakes,andwetlands.ToimplementagoodprotectionofSanjiangyuan,wemustenhanceconstructionofmajorecologicalprograms,expandkeyecologicalandfunctionalzones,managedemonstrationareawell,developcomprehensiveharnessingofterritorialresourceslikerivers,andincreasehorizontalcompensationbetweentheupperrangeandthelowerrange.ThenewdeploymentstrategiesanddemandshavesetupanewdirectionandarareopportunitytospeeduptheworkrelatedtotheSanjiangyuanecologicalandenvironmentalprotection.
Thebiggestvalues,thegreatestpotentials,andthetoughestresponsibilitiesofSanjiangyuanlieinitsecology.Thisisanewbeginningatanewhistoricalpoint.ThereisstillalongwaytogotodowellinecologicalandenvironmentalprotectionofSanjiangyuan.
Section1ChallengesandProblemsofProtectingSanjiangyuan
WehavegainedsomeoutstandingachievementsperiodicallyintheprocessoftheSanjiangyuanecologicalandenvironmentalprotection.However,problemsremainsimultaneously.ThereisstillalongwayforustogotoprotectandconstructSanjiangyuan.
Firstly,anoveralldegradationofecologyisnotfundamentallycurbed.Withaninitialprotectionandgovernance,theecologicaldegradationhasbeenalleviatedandchangedtoabettertendency.Butthereisstill80%blacksoilgrasslandand60%desertifiedlandoutofcontrol.38%naturalgrasslandisnotexecutedunderthepolicyofreturninggrazinglandtograssland.Ratsreemergeontheharnessedgrassland.WithinthewholeareaofSanjiangyuan,intermediatedegradatedgrasslandoccupies50.4%ofavailablearea,amongwhich,theblacksoildegradatedtypeoccupiesapproximately39%;
thedesertifiedtypeoccupies8%oftheplanningareawithanapparentlyincreasingtendency;
thesoilerosionoccupies30.7%oftheplanningarea;
areawithratsemergencereaches167,000squarekilometers,accountingfor42.3%oftheplanningarea.Theincreasinglydegradatinggrassland,thedesertifiedlandarea,andtheareaofthegrasslandswithpestsandratshavegreatlyendangeredtheecologyofSanjiangyuan.Thegeneraltendencyofgrasslanddegradationhasnotbeenfundamentallycurbed.
Secondly,overgrazingstillexists.ThemainfactorleadingtoanecologicaldegradationofSanjiangyuanisovergrazing.Previously,wehaveconductedpoliciesofreturninggrazinglandtograssland,constructingandbreeding,andeco-migrating.However,duetotheweakguidanceofproductiontransformationoffarmersandherdsmenandtheweakinfrastructureconstructionofkeepinglivestock,thetraditionalgrazingstylecontinues.Themainmeansoflivestockreductionismandatory.Thefoddersubsidies,grasslandrewardandsubsidymechanismcanmerelymeetthebasiclifeneedsofthefarmersandherdsmenratherthanhelpthemovercomepovertyandachieveprosperity.Thatisthereasonwhytheproblemofovergrazingstillexists.InSanjiangyuan,thereis263,700squarekilometersnaturalgrasslandavailable,amongwhich,overintermediatedegradatedgrasslandis133,000squarekilometers;
undegadedandslightlydegradedgrasslandis130,600squarekilometers.Theactualcarryingcapacityis18.2884millionpersheep.Ifweimplementanoverallgrazingprohibitionontheintermediatedegradatedgrassland,thenthereisonlytheoretically9.2663millionpersheepontheundegraded,slightlydegraded,artificialpasture,andimprovedgrassland.Itthusoccurrsasaprominentcontradictionbetweenthegrassandtheherds.Andthesolutiontotheproblemisaustere.
Thirdly,constraintsofnaturalconditionsandtechnologiesarestillserious.TheaveragealtitudeofSanjiangyuanisabout4,000m,withseverecoldandthinair,strongultraviolet,complicatedterrain,unbalancedrainfallintimeandspace,vastfrozenland,andslowsoilandplantgrowthdevelopment.Oncedestroyed,itisextremelyhardtorecover.Thespecialgeographicalconditionsandfragileecologicalfeaturesindicatethattheworkofcarryingoutanecologicalrecoveryandmanagementwillbemoredifficultthanthatoftheareasatalowaltitude.Presently,ecologicalprotectionandrecoveringtechnologiesofthenaturalenvironmentagainstparticularalpineregionsystemareunderdeveloped,thusleavingmanyvirginareas.Inthiscaseitrestrictsecologicalprotectionandeffectsprojectconstruction.Tobespecific,thereisonlyasingle-methodintreatingblacksoilbeach,wetlandprotection,wildanimalprotection,desertificationcontrol,andothers.Althoughaseriesofscientificprogramshavebeenapprovedduringthefirststage,andthenationhasarrangedmanysupportiveprograms,someapplyingresultsarenotobvious.Forexample,thereareincompleteresearchesandunderdevelpedskillsundersiteconditionsinharnessingtheblacksoilbeach,plantingartificialgrass,andcontrollingrats.Alltheseobstaclesimpedeprogramconstruction.
Fourthly,thecontradictionbetweenecologicalprotectionandlivelihoodimprovementisprominent.Asthecontinueofecologicalprotectionandconstruction,thecomprehensivedemonstrationareaisexpanded.Thedevelopmentandutilityofmineralresources,waterandelectricityresources,Chinese-Tibetanherbmedicineresourcesareconstrained.Grazingprohibitionandrestrictionareaisincreasing,whichwilldefinitelyaffectlocaleconomydevelopmentandlivingstandard.Thiscorrespondstoafactthatthelocalpopulationalsorises.Itisestimatedthatthenumberwillincreaseto1.34millionby2020.Theweakinfrastructurecannotfulfillpublicservicecapacity.Industrialstructureadjustmenttendstoberatherdifficult.Theecologicaleconomycannotformashort-termscale.Therearemanyconstraintsinproductionandjobtransferfortheherdsmen.Besides,thereisalsoanincreasingcontradictionbetweentherisingpopulationandthefragileenvironmentcapacity.Inconvenienttraffic,difficulttransportation,andshort-termconstructionperiodincreaseboththedifficultyofecologicalconstructionimplementationandthecostofconstruction.Thereforeitisourmajortaskandchallengetofigureoutanecologicalprotectionandmanagementsystemandaneffectiveandstandardlong-termecologicalcompensationsystemwhicharebeneficialtoconstructingaharmoniousecologicalprotection,livelihoodimprovement,andsocialprogresspositively.
Section2CarryingouttheSanjiangyuanEcologicalProtectionandExecutionRegulationsofthePhaseIIProgram
Asasubsequencetotheexpansionandapromotionofthefirsttermprogram,“theQinghaiSanjiangyuanEcologicalProtectionandExecutionRegulationsoftheSecondPhaseProgram”isamainsupporttooverallecologicalprotection,improvementoflivelihood,andregionaldevelopment.AfterdrawingtheconclusionoftheFirstPhaseProgram,wemustfocusonthefollowingpointsinimplementingtheSecondPhaseProgram.
Firstly,persistinginplanningguidanceunderauniform,generaldemandofecologicalandculturalconstructioncanleadthewholeworkofecologicalprotection.ThestabilityoftheSanjiangyuanecologicalsystemiscloselyrelatedtoasustainabledevelopmentofeconomyandsocietyofthemiddleandlowerrangesoftheYangtzeRiver,theYellowRiver,andtheLancangRiver.PracticehasprovedthatthegeneralplanhasplayedakeyroleinpromotingtheSanjiangyuanecologicalprotectionandscientificdevelopment.
TheQinghaiProvincialCommitteeandGovernment,takingthegeneraldemandofecologicalandculturalconstructionastheirguidance,haveestablishedastrategyofpromotingcomprehensivedevelopmentofQinghaiProvincethroughenvironmentalprotection.Anideaofoverallsituationofbuildinganationalecologicalsecuritybarrierisdeveloped,followingtheguidanceandbasicprinciplesofthegeneralplanningtoreinforceleadership,toconsolidateandconcertdifferentduties,toorganizeelaboratelyandimplementsmoothly.AsolidfoundationofachievingecologicalsystematSanjiangyuanhasbeenwelllaid.
Secondly,strengtheningorganization,leadershipandexecutioncanimplementtheplanning,QinghaiProvincehasestablishedaleadinggroupandanexecutiveofficeatthreelevels:
province,prefecture,andcounty.Eightsub-groupshavebeenputintoeffect,respectively,inchargeofagricultureandhusbandry,forestry,ecologicalmigration,technicalconsultation,ecologicalmonitoring,andothersbasedonthenatureoftheprojects.Withintheprogramarea,thereisagradingcontractsystemofresponsibilityinvolvingcounty,township,village,andhousehold,withthemajorleaderofeachprefectureandcountyastheprimarilyresponsibleparty.Thesemeasuresaretheguaranteeforimplementingtheprogramsuccessfully.Next,thepartycommitteeandthegovernmentateachlevelmusttaketheSanjiangyuanecologicalprotectionasacut-inpointtoachieveimplementationofpromotingcomprehensivedevelopmentofQinghaiProvinceandchangesinmodeofdevelopmentthroughenvironmentalprotection.Wemuststrengthenleadershipandfullimplementationoftheworkresponsibility.WewilltaketheSanjiangyuanecologicalprotectionandconstructionasapartoftheperformanceevaluationofdifferentgovernm
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- 青海 江源 生态环境 保护 工作 展望