化学专业英语复习docx文档格式.docx

化学专业英语复习docx文档格式.docx

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Nitrogen

N

Sulfur

S

Aluminum

Al

Calcium

Ca

Helium

He

Sodium

Na

Selenium

Se

Argon

Ar

Cadmium

剋

MercuiT

Hg

Neon

Ne

Autiiuonv

■

妙

Arsenic

As

Chlorine

Q

Iodine

1

Nickel

Ni

Silicon

Si

Gold

Au

Cobalt

Co

Potassium

K

Oxygen

Tin

创

Boron

B

Chromium

Cr

Lithium

Li

Phosphorus

P

Titanium

Barium

场

Copper

Cu

Magnesium

Mg

Lead

加

Uranium

U

Benilium

Be

Fluorine

F

Manganese

阪

Platinum

Pt

Tungsten

W

Bismuth

Bi

Iron

Fe

Mo

Zinc

Zn

Bromine

Br

p

s

Ziuc

Sn

Eb

Silver

Mercury7

Suffix

-ide・化-

-ite亚盐

-ate正盐

-ous亚酸

-ic正酸

Prefix

per-/hypo-高/次

mono・（monocycle）一

di-（bicycle）二

tri-（tricycle/triangle）H

tetra-（tetragon/quadrangle）Plpenta-（pentagon）五hexa-（hexagon）六hepta-（heptagon）七octa-（octopus/octagon）7knona-（nonagon）九deca-（decade/decagon）+

Svnibol

•

Elements

Stem

Binarynameending

Examples

PH3

hydrogen

tiyor

hvdride

Phosphorushydride

boron

bar

boride

Chromiumboride

CrB2

C

carbon

oib

carbide

Calciumcarbide

CaC2

nitrogen

nitro

nitride

Galliumnitride

3

phosphorus

Aluminum或⑻泌j亦

AD?

arsenic

arsenide

Galliumarsenide

GaA?

O

oxygen

ox

oxide

Magnesiumoxide

MgQ

sulfur

SMlf

sulfide

IJCftaOI）sulfide

IsS

fluorine

flupr

fluoride

Lithiumfluoride

urb

chlorine

ailox

chloride

Sodiumchloride

IWI

bromine

bromide

Silverbromide

AgSr

I

iodine

iodide

Potassiumiodide

KI

Mono=lDi=2

Tri=3

Tetra=4

Penta=5

Hexa=6Hepta=7

Octa=8

Nona=9

Deca=10

N2O5

dinitrogenpentoxide

N2O4

dinitrogentetroxide

N2O3

dinitrogentrioxide

N2O2

dinitrogendioxide

N2O

dinitrogenoxide

NO2

nitrogendioxide

NO

nitrogenoxide

Formula

Stocksvstem

Classicsvstem

Derivationofsvmbol

Cu*

cuprous

cuprum

Cu2+

cupric

Fe2*

towaUD

ferrous

ferrum

Fe3*

wojoflUI）

ferric

Hg*

umxiixya）

Hg2+

mercuric

As3*

arsenic仃m

arsoiuis

As5*

Exceptionsthatusetheideendings

hydroxide（OUT）,cyanide（CN"

）,ammonium（NH/）

NH4Iammoniumiodide（NH3H2Oammonia）

KCNpotassiumcyanide

Ca（OH）2calciumhydroxide

NaOHsodiumhydroxide

Fe（OH）2iron（II）hydroxide/ferroushydroxide

Fe（OH）3iron（III）hydroxide/ferrichydroxide

Cu（OH）2copper（II）hydroxide/cuprichydroxide

Cu（OH）copper（I）hydroxide/cuproushydroxide

Write（omul孵forthefollowingcompounds

Sulfurtrioxide

SO3

Cupricchloride

CuCI2

Ferroussulfide

FeS

Bariumperoxide

BaO2

Siliconiodide

Sil4

Sodiumhydroxide

NaOH

Ammoniumchloride

NH4CI

KCN

Tungstencarbide

WC

Calciumbromideanhydrous

CaBr2

FcSC）3iron（II）/ferroussulfiteFe2（SO3）3iron（III）/ferricsulfite

FeSC）4iron（II）/feiTOussulfateFe2（SC）4）3iron（III）/ferricsulfate

sodiumhydrogenphosphate,anhydrous（无水）

Givetheformulasofthefollowingcompounds

potassiumsulfitecalciumnitratebariumphosphatepotassiumdichromatesodiumchlorite廟如）sulfatesodiumferricchloratecuprousnitrite

K2so3

Ca（NO3）2Ba3（PO4）2K2Cr2O7

NaCIO2

PbSO4

Na3PO3Fe（CIO3）3

CuNO2

HCl

hydrochloricacid

NaClO

sodiumhypochlorite

HC1O

hypochlorousacid

NaClO2

sodiumchlorite

HC1O2

chlorousacid

NaClO3

sodiumchlorate

HCIO3

chloricacid

NaClO4

sodiumperchlorate

HCIO4

perchloricacid

potassiumbromate

sodiumthiosulfate

ferrichydroxide

rareearthoxalate（RE草酸）

ammoniumparatungstate（偏钩酸鞍）hydroiodicacid（氢碘酸HI）

divanadiumpentoxide（五氧化二磷）carbontetrafluoride

cuproussulfidesodiumtetraborate

tetraphosphorushexaoxide

mercurouschloride

potassiumfluorosilicate（氟硅酸钾）hydrogenperoxide

calciumhypochloritemercuricsulfocyanide

ammoniumferricsulfate（硫酸铁钱）

sodiumbicarbonate

Commonlyusedpolyatomicnegativeions

Centralatom

per-

ate

・ate

hypo-

co,carbonate

NO3-nitrate

no2nitrous

PO53

Rsodmshate

PO43

phosphate

PO33

phosphite

P2O33

hypophosphite

so42sulfate

SO32sulfite

£

CIO4perchlorate

CIO3chlorate

CIO2-chlorite

hypochlorite

贩

MnO4

permanganate

MnO3-

mausaugtg

Namesofsaltswithmorethanonepositiveion

Acids

Salts

Namesofsalt

NaHCO3

SodiumbicarbonateorSodiumhydrogencarbonate

HUS

SodiumhvdrogensulfideorSodiumbisulfide

H3PO4

\a：

HPO4

SodiumorSodiumhydrogenphosphate

NaH2PO4

Sodiumflihydrogenphosphate

h2so4

khso4

PotassiumbisulfateorPotassiumhydrogensulfate

KA1（SO4）2

Potassiumaluminumsulfate

Namethefollowingcompounds

hydrochloricacid（氢氯酸，盐酸，HC1）ferrousoxide

magnesiumchloride

silversulfide

potassiumpermanganate（高猛酸钾，KMnO4）

ammoniumnitrite

n

1methane

11jinctauae

21hswcftsoe

2ethane

12dfidtoae

30trianmtm

3propane

13

31bsnhtemUne

4butane

14tetodtaiie

40t£

tra£

wto£

5pentane

in

50Boacoiaiw

6hexane

16hexadecane

60hoaontane

7hfintane

17hwiadecane

70hfepi易jcftWtemv

8octane

80octaouafaM

9njMjanc

19nonadacane

90noBMsuifaiw

iodftcang

20taane

looh£

taM

hydrogendioxidelead（II）sufatechromiumhydroxide

calciumphosphatesodiumbicarbonatehypochlorousacid

Name

Univalentradical

methane

methyl

hexane

teyl

ethane

ethyl

tispisn©

heptyl

propane

propyl

octane

butane

butyl

QQD9H©

nonyj

pentane

psniyj

isooctane异辛烷

CH3-C（CH3）2-CH2-CH（CH3）-CH3

（2,2,4-trimethylpentane）

Cprimary（伯）Csecondary（仲）Ctertiary（叔）Cquarternary（季）neobuane正丁烷

ExamplesofSimpleCydoalkanfeS

MolecularFormula

Cyclopropane

c3h6

c6h12

Gydabutawe

c4h8

c7h14

c6h10

Cycl091kone

CnH2n

Note:

GyaQPS测念isisomericwithpm㈣g.

1Nomenclatureforunsaturatedhydrocarbons

One

Two

Three

Doublebond

■遊

ethylene（乙烯）

alkng（丙二烯）

Triplebond

-yne

-g^riyns

acetylene（乙烘）

C6H4（CH3）2dimethylbenzene/xylene（o-,m-,p-）

o-（ortho）邻1,2-dimethylbenzene/o-xylene

m-（meta）间1,3-dimethylbenzene/m-xylene

X'

J*1,4-dimethylbenzene/p-xylene

C6H5CH2-benzyl

1.CommonFunctionalGroups

ch4

amines

ch3-nh2

alkenes

FT"

\/

；

ZC=CX

HH

nitrocompounds

CH3—no2

alkynes

H—C=C—H

IIH—C—H

aromaticcompounds

OIICH?

—C-CH?

halidecompounds

CH3-Br

carboxylicacids

II

CH3—c—OH

alcohols

CH3-CH2-OH

esters

:

TH3-c—o-CH2CH3

ethers

ch3-o-ch3

amides

0IICH3-C-NH2

Summary

Compounds

Formation

halide卤化物

Alkyl+halide

chloroethaneethylchloride

alcohol

醇（乙醇）

Alkyl+alcohol

*（ol）

ethylalcoholethanol

ether醸（乙醸）

Alkyl+etheralkoxvalkane

diethylet