法律英语沙丽金版阅读文本问题问题详解文档格式.docx
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法律英语沙丽金版阅读文本问题问题详解文档格式.docx
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Lawconsistsofthewholebodyofrulesappliedandenforcedundertheauthorityofestablishedgovernmentindeterminingwhatconductisproperandshouldbepermittedandthatwhichshouldbedeniedorpenalized.
3.Canyoulisttherolesoflawinsociety?
Withoutlaw,therewouldbeanarchy.Lawisthemeansthroughwhichsocietyisabletoexistbyprovidingprotectionfortheindividual;
byestablishingandmaintainingorder,health,andsafety;
byprovidingapeacefulmeansofdisputeresolution;
byprovidingstabilityandflexibilityineconomicrelationsbetweenpeople;
andbyprohibitingconductdestructivetosociety.
4.Howcanlawbebestunderstood?
Lawisbestunderstoodbyviewingthelegalsystemasaprocess——ameansofpullingtogethersociety’sneedsandgoalsandtranslatingthemintoguidesforfairnessandreasonablenessinconduct.
5.WhataretheeventsthatpromotethedevelopmentoftheEnglishlegalsystem?
NormanConquest.Williamreplacedthelocalandhighlyvariedsystemsoflawwithacommonsystemoflaw.
6.WhydidthepeopleinEnglandpetitiontotheKingandwhatwouldbetheresult?
Becauseoftheextremelyrigid,frequentlyoverlytechnicalproceduralrequirementsofthecommon-lawsystem,peopleweresometimesunabletoobtainfairreliefinthecourts.Intime,somepersonswhofeltthattheformofreliefwasinadequatepetitionedtotheKingdirectly.
Thispracticegaverisetoasecondcourtsystem,calledtheCourtofChancery.
7.WhatwasthesituationofequitycourtsinNorthAmerica?
Americancourtsystemsinthenineteenthcenturyresultedinsimplificationofjudicialproceduresandeliminationofequitycourtsasseparatecourtsinmoststates.
8.WasthestatutesdevelopedfastinNorthAmerica?
Why?
9.Whatarethedisadvantagesofstatuesandtheadvantagesofthecommonlawrules?
10.Whohasthepowertomaketheordinances?
Thelegislativebodyofamunicipalcorporation
LegalSystem
1.WhatistherelationshipbetweenthecivillawsystemandRomanLaw?
ThecivillawisbasedonRomanLaw.
2.WhoistheJustinianandwhatishiscontribution?
ByzantiumEmperor.Compilingcodesaftertheenthronement
3.WhichistheprimarysourceoflawinEurope,RomanLaworlocallaws?
Localcustoms
4.Whywastheconceptofcodificationdevelopedinthe17thand18thcenturies?
AsanexpressionofbothNaturalLawandtheideasoftheEnlightenment.
5.Whatdidtheopponentsofcodificationthinkaboutcodificationoflaw?
Itsopponentsclaimedthatcodificationwouldresultintotheossificationoflaw.
6.Whatisthemainfeatureofcommonlaw?
Itsinclusionofextensivenon-statutorylawreflectingprecedentderivedfromcenturiesofjudgmentsbyworkingjurists.
7.Whatisthedifferencebetweenstatutesandregulations?
Statuesareenactedbyalegislature,whileregulationsarepromulgatedbyexecutivebranchagenciespursuanttoadelegationofrule-makingauthorityfromalegislature.
8.Whereshouldpeoplegoiftheywantedtoapplyforinjunctionsbeforethe20thcentury?
Courtsofequity.Onlycourtsofequityhavetheauthoritytodoit.
9.Whatisthedifferencebetweentheselectionsofjudgesincivillawcountriesandthatincommonlawcountries?
Civillawjudgesareusuallytrainedandpromotedseparatelyfromadvocates,whereascommonlawjudgesareusuallyselectedfromaccomplishedandreputableadvocates.
10.Whatarethedifferencesinthecriminalproceduresofthetwomajorlegalsystems?
Ingeneral,thejudgeinacivillawsystemplaysamoreactiveroleindeterminingthefactsofthecase.Mostcivillawcountriesinvestigatemajorcrimesusingaso-calledinquisitorialsystem.Also,civillawsystemsrelymuchmoreonwrittenargumentthanoralargument.
CourtSystem
1.WhatisthemaincharacteristicofthecourtsystemoftheUnitedStates?
Courtsareoperatedinbothstateandfederalgovernments.
2.Arethereanyuniformrulesforcreatingstatecourts?
No.butithasageneralpattern.
3.Whatarethefunctionsoftheinferiorcourtsatthebottomofthestatejudicialhierarchy?
Tryingminorcivilcasesinvolvingsmallsumsofmoney,andminorcriminalcasesinvolvinglightpenaltiesandconducingpreliminaryhearingsinthemoreseriouscriminalcases.
4.Doallstateshavethesameterminologyforcourtsandjudges?
Pleasegiveexamples.
No.Forexamples,amanwhositsonthehighestcourtofNewJerseyiscalledajusticeofthesupremecourtofthatstate,whileamanwhoholdsanequivalentpositioninNewYorkiscalledajudgeofthecourtofappeals.
5.Whatarethedutiesofthejudg
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