高考英语刷题卷五含答案解析Word格式.docx
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高考英语刷题卷五含答案解析Word格式.docx
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回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;
每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
WhatisStrengthsFinder
Doyouhavetheopportunitytodobesteveryday?
Chancesareyoudon’t.Alltoooften,ournaturaltalentsgoundeveloped.Wedevotemoretimetofixingourdisadvantagesthantodevelopingouradvantages.
In1998,theFatherofStrengthsPsychology,DonaldO.Clifton,Ph.D.(1924~2003),alongwithTomRathandateamofscientistsatTheGallupOrganization,createdtheonlineStrenghthsFinderassessment(评估).
Tohelppeopledeveloptheirtalents,in2001,Gallupintroducedthefirstonlineassessment,StrengthsFinder,whichledtoaglobalconversationandhelpedmillionstodiscovertheirtopfivetalents.In2004,theassessment’snamewasformallychangedtoCliftonStrengthsFinderinhonorofitsdesigner.
In2007,RathandGallupscientistsreleased(发行)anewedition(版本)oftheassessmentcalledStrengthsFinder2.0.Rooted(扎根)inmorethan40yearsofresearch,thisassessmenthascontinuedtohelpmillionsdiscoveranddeveloptheirnaturaltalents.
Initslatestnationalbestseller,StrengthsFinder2,0,Gallupreleasesthenewandimprovesitspopularassessmentandmuchmore.Whileyoucanreadthisbook,you’lluseitasareferencefordecades.
Withhundredsofwaystoapplyyourstrengths,thenewbookandwebsitewillchangethewayyoulookatyourself—andtheworldaroundyou—forever.
AvailableinStrengthsFinder2.0
*Apopularprice:
$20
*Aspecialprice:
Save20%forstudents
Youcanknowaboutitsinformationon
1.WhenwasthefirststrengthsFinderonlineassessmentintroduced?
A.In1998.B.In2001.
C.In2004.D.In2007.
2.HowmuchshouldastudentpayforthetwobooksstrengthsFinder2.0?
A.16dollars.B.20dollars.
C.32dollars.D.40dollars.
3.WhydidGallupintroducestrengthsFinder?
A.TohelpPeopledeveloptheirnaturaltalents.
B.TotellPeopletofindouttheirdisadvantages.
C.TohelpPeoplediscovertheirinterests.
D.Totellpeopletorealizetheirdreams.
B
Iworkasthereceptionmanageratmyhotel.
Abookingcameinafewweeksagowithanoteattachedthataguestwouldbetravellingwithherdeaffather.Thisnotehelpedusinpreparingfortheirarrival.Astheywouldbehereforanumberofdays,hisdaughterwantedtomakehistriptoIrelandassmoothaspossible.
UponseeingthisnoteandknowingIwouldbetheonetocheckthemin,Idecidedtolearnsomeverybasicsignlanguage.Igreetedtheguestinmyusualfashion,askingforthesurnameonthebooking.OnceIheardthename,Iimmediatelyrealizedwhowasstandinginfrontofme.
Ihadbeenlearningfortwoweekshowtosay:
“WelcometoIreland.Mysignlanguageisterrible,butplease,ifyouneedanythingduringyourstay,justletmeknowandwewillhelpyou.”
Ismiledatthefatheranddaughterinfrontofme.Turningtothefather,IgreetedhiminASL(AmericanSignLanguage)andbeganthebitIhadlearnedforhim.HisdaughterbrokedowncryingandtoldmeIwassweet.Butthefatherjustsmiledandwassohappy.Honestly,seeinghisreactionwasenoughforme.ItwasabsolutelyworththelastfewweeksoflearningbasicASL.
Sadly,Iwasn’tworkingthedaytheycheckedout,buttheyleftagiftforme,asmallboxwithsomechocolatesandabookonASL.Insidewasanotesaying:
“Thankyouverymuchforwhatyoudid.Myfatherhasbeeninamazingspiritsfromthetimeyoucheckedusinandinsistedwegetyouagiftbeforeweleft.Youhavenoideahowmuchthismeanttomyfatherandme,andwecan’tthankyouenough.You'
vemadehistripveryspecialwithonesimplegesture.”
IcriedforasolidfiveminuteswhenIcameintoworkthenextdayandfoundthisgiftinmylocker.
4.Thedaughterleftanotewhenbookingthehotelinorderto__________.
A.askforspecialserviceforherself
B.givesomeusefuladvicetothehotel
C.expressgratitudetothehotelmanager
D.makeherfather’stripmorecomfortable
5.Thedaughtercriedwhentheycheckedinbecause__________.
A.theauthor’ssignlanguagewasreallyterrible
B.herfatherwasunwillingtoliveinthathotel
C.sheappreciatedwhattheauthorhaddoneforherfather
D.theauthorwouldn’tbeworkingwhentheycheckedout
6.Seeingthefather’sreactionduringcheck-in,theauthorprobablyfelt__________.
A.thankfulB.satisfied
C.disappointedD.regretful
7.Fromthispassage,wecanknowthat__________.
A.theauthormadethedaughter’scheck-outsmooth
B.theauthorwasdeeplymovedbyanunexpectedgift
C.thedaughtercriedforfiveminutesbeforetheyleft
D.thedaughteraskedtheauthortolearnsignlanguage
C
In1992,TeenTalkBarbiewasreleasedwiththecontroversialvoicefragment,“Mathclassishard.”Whilethetoy'
sreleasemetwithstrongpublicreaction,thisunderlyingassumptionpersists,spreadingthemyththatwomendonotthriveinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematic(STEM)fieldsduetobiologicalinadequaciesinmathaptitude.However,in2019JessicaCantlonatCarnegieMellonUniversityledaresearchteamthatcomprehensivelyexaminedthebraindevelopmentofyoungboysandgirlsandfoundnogenderdifferenceinbrainfunctionormathability.
Cantlonandherteamconductedthefirstneuroimagingstudytoevaluatebiologicalgenderdifferencesinmathaptitudeofyoungchildren.HerteamusedfunctionalMRI(核磁共振)tomeasurethebrainactivityin104youngchildren(3-to-10-year-old;
55girls)whilewatchinganeducationalvideocoveringearlymathtopics,likecountingandaddition.Theresearcherscomparedscansfromtheboysandgirlstoevaluatebrainsimilarity.Inaddition,theteamexaminedbrainmaturitybycomparingthechildren'
sscanstothosetakenfromagroupofadults(63adults;
25women)whowatchedthesamemathvideos.
Afternumerousstatisticalcomparisons,Cantlonandherteamfoundnodifferenceinthebraindevelopmentofgirlsandboys.Inaddition,theresearchersfoundnodifferenceinhowboysandgirlsprocessedmathskillsandwereequallyengagedwhilewatchingtheeducationalvideos.Finally,boys'
andgirls'
brainmaturitywerestatisticallyequivalentwhencomparedtoeithermenorwomenintheadultgroup.
CantlonsaidshethinkssocietyandculturearelikelysteeringgirlsandyoungwomenawayfrommathandSTEMfields,aspreviousstudiesshowthatfamiliesspendmoretimewithyoungboysinplaythatinvolvesspatialcognition(空间认知).“Typicalsocializationcanmakeworsesmalldifferencesbetweenboysandgirlsthatcansnowballintohowwetreattheminscienceandmath,”Cantlonsaid.“Weneedtobeawareoftheseoriginstoensurewearen'
ttheonescausingthegenderinequities.”
However,thisprojectisfocusedonearlychildhooddevelopmentusingalimitedsetofmathtasks.Cantlonwantstocontinuethisworkusingabroaderscopeofmathskills,suchasspatialprocessingandmemory,andfollowthechildrenovermanyyears.
8.Whatcanweinferaboutthetoy’srelease?
A.Ithasraisedastormofapplause.
B.Girlsperformnoworsethanboysinmath.
C.Mathisasubjectdifficulttoeveryoneofus.
D.Womenarebornwithinsufficientmathabilities.
9.WhatcanwelearnfromthestudyconductedbyCantlon?
A.Boysprocessmathskillsmorequicklythangirls.
B.Boysandgirlshavesimilarbraininmathabilities.
C.Boysandgirlshavesimilarinterestinmath.
D.Adultshavebetterbrainthanchildreninmath.
10.WhatwillCantlonmostlikelyagreewith?
A.Parentsshouldlengthenthetimespentwithgirls.
B.Societyiscausingagreatergenderdifferenceinmathabilities.
C.Cultureplaysaleadingroleinchildren’sbraindevelopment.
D.Weshouldcultivateboys’andgirls’mathabilitiesequally.
11.HowwillCantlonfurtherherresearch?
A.Byusingawiderrangeofmathskills.
B.Byinvolvingabroaderscopeofsubjects.
C.Byincreasingthecomplexityofmathtasks.
D.Byfollowingthechildrenuntiltheiradulthood.
D
Someofthemostpowerfulcompaniesintheworldhaveco-founders.Forexample,Google(SergeyBrinandLarryPage),Apple(SteveWozniakandSteveJobs),andMicrosoft(BillGatesandPaulAllen)andsoon.Havingpartnerscanhelptodealwiththepressureandthefailuresthatcomewithrunningabusiness.Nomatterhowdownonyourluckyoufeeltheymayprovideemotionalsupport.Theymayhaveextraskills,andbeonhandtohelpoutwiththeday-to-dayproblems.Andanalternatepointofviewmayhelptobroadenyourmindandaidtheriskofmistakesbeingoverlooked.
EverybodyknowsSamsung’sGalaxyNote7.Whenthephonewaslaunchedin2016,customerspraiseditforitsstorage,designandusability,anditmaywellhavebeenahitifitweren’tforthefactthatitoccasionallycaughtfireandexploded.Itwassoonbannedimmediatelyfromflights,andSamsunghadnochoicebuttorecalltheentiremodel.Theshortcomingreportedlycostthecompany$1billion,andafurther$17billioninlostsales.Butremember,basedonthelesson,theGalaxyNote8andtheGalaxyNote9arewellreceivedintheworld!
Nowweknowthatfailingispartofbusinesssuccess.
Onethingthatallgreatcompanieshaveincommonisthattheyhavefailedmanytimes—andluckily,theybouncedback.TakeSarahBlakely,founderofshapewearbrandSpanxforexample.Shecreditsherbusinesssuccessspecificallytoherfailures.“I’dgetkickedoutofbuildingsalldaylong,“sheremembered.“Peoplewouldtearupmybusinesscardinmyface.ButmyfriendsandIknewIcoulds
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