托福考试阅读模拟试题训练Word文件下载.docx
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托福考试阅读模拟试题训练Word文件下载.docx
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father,mother,child,teacher,student,policeofficer,storeclerk,doctor,judge,politicalleader,andsoon.Everycultureexpectscertaintypesofbehaviorfrompeoplewhoplaycertainsocialroles.Anyoneoccupyingagivenpositionisexpectedtoadoptaspecificattitude.Astoreclerkisexpectedtotakecareofcustomerspatientlyandpolitely,andajudgeisexpectedtomakewiseandfairdecisionsaboutlaws.
Informalsocialrolesarenotalwayseasytorecognize,butcanbeidentifiedwithcarefulresearch.Theyarekeyindicatorsofagroup'
shealthandhappiness.Withinthefamily,oneinformalroleisthefamilyhero,thepersonwhodefinesintegrityandupholdsfamilymorality.Othersarethefamilyarbitrator,thepersonwhokeepsthepeace,andthefamilyhistorian,oftenagrandparent,whorelaysvaluableculturalinformationthatmaintainsboththefamilyandthelargersociety.Andfinally,thereisthefamilyfriend,thepersonwhoprovidescomfortandcompanionshiptothefamilymemberswithemotionalneeds.
1.Whydoestheauthormentionastoreclerkandajudgeinparagraph1?
A.Togiveexamplesofpeoplewhoholdpositionsofrespects.
B.Toexplainwhysocialrolesareimportanttoasociety.
C.Toillustratethebehaviorrequiredofcertainsocialroles.
D.Tocomparetheresponsibilitiesoftwodifferentoccupations.
2.Whydoestheauthorusethetermkeyindicatorsindiscussinginformalsocialroles?
A.Toidentifythemostimportanttypeofsocialroles.
B.Toexplainhowtoidentifyinformalsocialroles
C.Topointoutthatinformalrolesareuniquetofamilies
D.Toemphasizethevalueofinformalrolestoagroup
答案:
1.C
2.D
Themanypartoftheearth’satmospherearelinkedwiththevariouspartsoftheearth’ssurfacetoproduceawhole---theclimatesystem.Differentpartsoftheearth’ssurfacereacttotheenergyofthesunindifferentways.Forexample,iceandsnowreflectmuchofit.Landsurfacesabsorbsolarenergyandheatuprapidly.Oceansstoretheenergywithoutexperiencingasignificanttemperaturerise.Thus,thedifferenttypesofsurfacestransferheatintotheatmosphereatdifferentrates.
Wecanviewclimateasexistinginthreedomains:
space,time,andhumanperception.Inthedomainofspace,wecanstudylocal,regional,andglobalclimates.Intime,wecanlookattheclimateforayear,adecade,amillennium,andsoforth.Finally,wedependonourperceptionsofthedata,sowemustincludeourownhumanperceptionintoourmodel.Humanperceptionmustbeincludedifourunderstandingofclimaticprocessesistobetranslatedintosocietalactions.Asasociety,wemakeinformedchoicesabouthowtousethebeneficialeffectsofclimate,suchasdecidingwhenandwheretoplantcrops.Wealsomakechoicesabouthowtominimizetheharmfuleffectsofclimate---storms,blizzards,anddroughts.
1.Whydoestheauthordiscussdifferentpartsoftheearth’ssurfaceinparagraph1?
A.Toexplainwhyhumansliveinsomepartsbutnotinothers
B.Toshowthattheentireearthismadeofthesamematerials
C.Tocomparehowvarioussurfacestransferheatintotheatmosphere
D.Todescribechangesintheearth’sappearancethroughouttheyear.
2.Accordingtotheauthor,whymustweincludehumanperceptioninourstudyofclimate?
A.Wemustinterpretdataandtakeactionsrelatedtoclimate
B.Wemustcreateaninterestingmodeloftheclimatesystem
C.Wemustdevelopanunderstandingofourenvironment
D.Wemustchangeourtraditionalwaysofstudyingclimate.
(思考)3.Readthesentencebelowandwriteanessaywhichwillhaveaminimumof100words.
Ourunderstandingofclimaticprocessesistobetranslatedintosocietalactions.
答案:
1.C 2.A
Severalmenhavebeenresponsibleforpromotingforestryasaprofession.ForemostwasGiffordPinchot,thefatheroftheprofessionalforestryinAmerica.HewaschiefoftheForestServicefrom1898until1910,workingwithPresidentTheodoreRoosevelttoinstigatesoundconservationpracticesinforests.LaterhewasprofessorofforestryandfounderofthePinchotSchoolofForestryatYaleUniversity.AnothergreatforesterwasDr.BernardE.Fernow,thefirstheadoftheU.S.ForestService.HeorganizedthefirstAmericanschoolofprofessionalforestryatCornellUniversity.
Theforestersoftoday,likePinchotandFernowinthepast,planandsupervisethegrowth,protection,andutilizationoftrees.Theymakemapsofforestareas,estimatetheamountofstandingtimberandfuturegrowth,andmanagetimbersales.Theyalsoprotectthetreesfromfire,harmfulinsects,anddisease.Someforestersmayberesponsibleforotherduties,rangingfromwildlifeprotectionandwatershedmanagementtothedevelopmentandsupervisionofcamps,parks,andgrazinglands.Others
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