词汇学 Paradox Oxymoron Irony 举例1Word文档下载推荐.docx
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词汇学 Paradox Oxymoron Irony 举例1Word文档下载推荐.docx
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isanexampleofparadoxbecausedarkanddaylightareopposites,andyetheretheyhavesomethingincommon.
HotunderstandsCold
Hotunderstandscold"
isanexampleofparadoxbecausehotandcoldareopposites,butyetthestanzasaysthattheyunderstandeachother.Thisisaparadoxbecausethestanzadoesn'
tseemtomakesense.However,aparadoxpoemwillexplainhowtwooppositeorveryunlikethingscanberelatedinsomeway.
Darkandlight
Darkrememberslight,
Thedaytheyseparated,
Theytrytobefriends,but
can'
t.
Darkdoesn'
tlikelight
Theirfriendshipnolongerexists.
ByAlex
NIGHTREMEMBERSLIGHT
Nightremembersthelightofa
newborn
star.
Nightremembershowheheld
thelittle
star,
Andnowyoucansee
thestar,
Muchbiggernow
fornowitis
thesun.
ByRachel
Forexample:
"
IknowthatIknownothing."
Knowing"
knownothing"
isknowingsomethingthuscannotbe"
.Thislogicisself-contradictory,butonecanknowthattheyknownothing.
Irony
Tosaysomethingthatistheoppositeofthetruth.Inascarymoviewhentheaudienceknowsthatakillerisinthehouse,buttheownersinthehousedon'
tknowit.
Atarestaurantthereisaflyfloatinginacustomer'
ssoupandthecustomersays,"
Mmmmm.Insectsoup,myfavorite!
Whenwatchingatalkshow,theaudienceknowswhyapersonhasbeenbroughtontheshow.However,thepersonsittinginthechairdoesnotknowthatheisgoingtobereunitedwithaformerlover.
Youbreakadatewithyourgirlfriendsoyoucangototheballgamewiththeguys.Whenyougoouttotheconcessionstand,yourunintoyourdatewhoistherewithanotherguy.
Youstayupallnightstudyingforatest.Whenyougotoclass,youdiscoverthetestisnotuntilthenextday.
Youarearguingwithyourmother,whoreprimandsyouforbeing"
smart."
Yourreplyissarcastic,"
IfyouthinkIamsmart,thenwhywon'
tyouletmemakesomesmartdecisions?
Yourboyfriendshowsupinrippedjeansandastainedt-shirt.Withasmirk,yousay,"
Oh!
Iseeyoudressedupforourdate.Wemustbegoingtoanicerestaurant!
TheaveragecostofrehabilitatingasealaftertheExxonValdezoilspillinAlaskawas$80,000.Ataspecialceremony,twoofthemostexpensivelysavedanimalswerereleasedbackintothewildamidcheersandapplausefromonlookers.Aminutelater,theywerebotheatenbyakillerwhale.
Aboyandhisfriendsaretalkingtrashabouttheprincipal,andtheprincipalisstandingrightaroundthecornerlistening.
TerroristKhayRahnajetdidn'
tpayenoughpostageonaletterbomb.Itcamebackwith"
returnwithsender"
stampedonit.Forgettingitwasthebomb,heopeneditandwasblowntobits.
TwoanimalrightsactivistswereprotectingthecrueltyofsendingpigstoaslaughterhouseinBonn.Suddenlythepigs,alltwothousandofthem,escapedthroughabrokenfenceandstampeded,tramplingthetwohaplessprotestorstodeath.
Irony:
aleadingpartofhumor.Ironyisusingwordstoexpresssomethingcompletelydifferentfromtheliteralmeaning.Usually,someonesaystheoppositeofwhattheymeanandthelistenerbelievestheoppositeofwhattheysaid.
Verbalirony,includingsarcasm
Verbalironyisdistinguishedfromsituationalironyanddramaticironyinthatitisproducedintentionallybyspeakers.Forinstance,ifaspeakerexclaims,“I’mnotupset!
”butrevealsanupsetemotionalstatethroughhervoicewhiletrulytryingtoclaimshe'
snotupset,itwouldnotbeverbalironybyvirtueofitsverbalmanifestation(itwould,however,besituationalirony).Butifthesamespeakersaidthesamewordsandintendedtocommunicatethatshewasupsetbyclaimingshewasnot,theutterancewouldbeverbalirony.Thisdistinctiongetsatanimportantaspectofverbalirony:
speakerscommunicateimpliedpropositionsthatareintentionallycontradictorytothepropositionscontainedinthewordsthemselves.Thereareexamplesofverbalironythatdonotrelyonsayingtheoppositeofwhatonemeans,andtherearecaseswhereallthetraditionalcriteriaofironyexistandtheutteranceisnotironic.
Ironicsimilesareaformofverbalironywhereaspeakerdoesintendtocommunicatetheoppositeofwhattheymean.Forinstance,thefollowingexplicitsimileshavetheformofastatementthatmeansPbutwhichconveysthemeaningnotP:
ashardasputty
asfunnyascancer
asclearasmud
aspleasantasrootcanaltreatment
assharpasamarble
asstraightasacircle
Theironyisrecognizableineachcaseonlybyusingstereotypicalknowledgeofthesourceconcepts(e.g.,mud,root-canals)todetectanincongruity.
Afairamountofconfusionhassurroundedtheissuere
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