czdjsny听力速记符号汇编适合雅思听力高级口译Word文档下载推荐.docx
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czdjsny听力速记符号汇编适合雅思听力高级口译Word文档下载推荐.docx
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1.表示上升:
up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend,etc.
2.表示发射、投放市场、发行:
launch,open,start,etc.
3.表示发展、加强、推进:
develop,strengthen,promote,etc
表示“波折”:
upsanddowns,twistsandturns,etc.
常用速记数学符号汇编:
+
表示“多”:
many,lotsof,agreatdealof,agoodmanyof,etc.
++(+2)
表示“多”的比较级:
more
+3
表示“多”的最高级:
most
-
表示“少”:
little,few,lack,inshortof/beinshortageofetc.
×
表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念:
wrong/incorrect,somethingbad,notorious,negative,etc.
>
1.表示“多于”概念:
bigger/larger/greater/morethan/betterthan,etc.
2.表示“高”概念:
superiorto,surpass,etc.
<
1.表示“少于”概念:
less/smaller,etc.
2.表示“低”概念:
inferiorto,etc.
=
1.表示“同等”概念:
means,thatistosay,inotherwords,thesameas,beequalto,etc.
2.表示“对手”概念:
amatch,rival,competitor,counterpart,etc.
()
表示“在......之间”:
among,within,etc.
≠
1.表示“不同”概念:
bedifferentfrom,etc.
2.表示“无敌”概念:
matchless,peerless,etc.
~
表示“大约”概念:
about/around,orso,approximately,etc.
/
表示“否定”,“消除”等概念:
crossout,eliminate,etc.
1.Note-takingsymbolsandabbreviationsforyourreference:
2.
3.AbbreviationsinNotetaking
4.Useonlytheabbreviationsthatfityourneedsandthatyouwillremembereasily.Agoodideaistointroduceonlyafewabbreviationsintoyournotetakingatatime.
5.
6.Symbolshelpfulinmath--thesearecommonlyusedintextsandreferences.
7.S
=
sum
8.f
frequency
9.
10.Leaveoutperiodsinstandardabbreviations.
11.cf
compare
12.e.g.
example
13.dept
department
14.
15.Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.
16.pol
politics
17.dem
democracy
18.lib
liberal
19.cap
capitalism
20.
21.Useentirefirstsyllableandonly1stletterof2ndsyllable.
22.pres
presentation
23.subj
subject
24.ind
individual
25.cons
conservative
26.
27.Eliminatefinalletters.Usejustenoughofthewordtoformarecognizableabbreviation.
28.assoc
associate
29.biol
biology
30.info
information
31.ach
achievement
32.chem
chemistry
33.max
maximum
34.intro
introduction
35.conc
concentration
36.min
minimum
37.rep
repetition
38.
39.Omitvowels,retainonlyenoughconsonantstogivearecognizableskeletonoftheword.
40.ppd
prepared
41.prblm
problem
42.estmt
estimate
43.bkgd
background
44.gvt
government
45.
Useanapostropheinplaceofletters.
46.am'
t
amount
47.cont'
d
continued
48.gov'
49.educat'
l
educational
50.
51.Formthepluralofasymbolorabbreviatedwordbyaddings.
52.chpts
chapters
53.egs
examples
54.fs
frequencies
55.intros
introductions
56.
57.Usegtorepresentingendings.
58.ckg
checking
59.estg
establishing
60.decrg
decreasing
61.exptg
experimenting
62.
63.Spelloutshortwordssuchasin,at,to,but,for,andkey.
64.
65.Abbreviationsorsymbolsforshortwordswillmakethenotestoodensewithshorthand.
66.
67.Leaveoutunimportantwords.
68.Leaveoutthewordsaandthe.
69.
70.Ifaterm,phrase,ornameiswrittenoutinfullduringthelecture,substituteinitialswhenevertheterm,phrase,ornameisusedagain.Forexample,CenterforAerospaceSciencesbecomesCASthereafter.
71.
72.Usesymbolsforcommonlyrecurringconnectiveortransitionalwords.
73.&
and
74.w/
with
75.w/o
without
76.vs
against
77.\
therefore
78.=
=
isorequal
79.
80.Usetechnicalsymbolswhereapplicable.
81.zb
German,forexample
82.ibid
Latin,thesamework
83.o
degrees
84.H2O
water
85.
86.Morereference:
87.Usestandardmaths,accounting,andsciencesymbols.Examples:
88.+plus
89.//parallel
90.Usestandardabbreviationsandleaveoutfullstops.Examples:
91.egexample
92.ITdeptInformationTechnologydepartment
93.UKUnitedKingdom
94.Useonlythefirstsyllableofaword.Examples:
95.marmarketing
96.cuscustomer
97.cliclient
98.Usetheentirefirstsyllableandthefirstletterofthesecondsyllable.Examples:
99.subjsubject
100.budgbudget
101.indindividual
102.Todistinguishamongvariousformsofthesameword,usethefirstsyllableoftheword,anapostrophe,andtheendingoftheword.Examples:
103.tech'
gytechn
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- czdjsny 听力 速记 符号 汇编 适合 雅思 高级 口译
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