学年高中英语中心发言提纲文档格式.docx
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学年高中英语中心发言提纲文档格式.docx
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四川省宜宾市一中2017-2018学年高中英语中心发言提纲
专题09—阅读理解(科技说明文)
1.【2017年高考江苏卷英语】
B
Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother’svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning(胎教),birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:
OrnithologicalAdvances,somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).New-bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom’scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.
Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular"feedme!
"call.
Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.
Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.
Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神经系统的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn."Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?
"Kleindorferasks."Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality."
58.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means"__________".
A.betheworstB.bethebestC.betheasbadD.bejustasgood
59.WhatareKleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon?
A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.
B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.
C.ThedatacollectedfromQueensland’slocals.
D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.
60.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich__________.
A.canreceivequalitysignalsB.areinneedoftraining
C.fittheenvironmentbetterD.maketheloudestcall
60.C【解析】根据倒数第二段中的"thebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood"和最后一段"Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality."可知,模仿母鸟模仿得最好的雏鸟得到最多的食物,研究结果表明,母亲会选择质量好的雏鸟。
由此可知,胎教帮助母鸟辨别出那些适应环境较好的孩子。
2.【江苏省泰州市泰州中学2018届高三上学期开学考试】
Theabilitytospeakmorethanonelanguagecertainlyhasitsspecialbenefits.Itenablesyoutoworkinanothercountryorinteractwithpeoplewhoselanguageisdifferentfromyourmothertongue.Cognitive(认知的)psychologistshavebeeninterestedinhowbilingualism(双语能力)shapesthemindforalmostacentury.Therearethosewhosuggestthatinordertospeakonelanguage,bilingualshavetosuppress(抑制)theinfluenceoftheother.Inthepastthreedecades,researchhadarguedthatthisuniqueformoflanguageprocessingtrainsthebrainintheuseofabilitiesknownas"
executive(执行的)functions"
suchasignoringirrelevantinformationorshiftingattention.Bilingualsofdifferentagesandculturalbackgroundshavebeenshowntobefasterandmoreaccuratethantheirmonolingual(单语的)peerswhenperformingcognitivetasksdemandingtheseabilities.Furthermore,ithasbeenarguedthatbilingualismmayleadtoadelayedonset(发作)ofsymptomsassociatedwithdementia(痴呆).
Butthescientificcommunityrecentlyhasbecomeincreasinglyskepticalofthebilingualadvantage.Oneofthemainpointsofcriticismisthatdifferencesbetweenmonolingualsandbilingualswhenitcomestoexecutivefunctionsarenotalwaysapparent.Itappearsthatresearchonbilingualismisataturningpoint.Weneedtopursueanewapproachtounderstand,beyondthoseindividualexamplesofexecutivefunctions,howthebilingualmindworks.Wehaveattemptedtoaddressthischallengebytestingwhetherbilingualsandmonolingualsdifferintermsofhowaccuratelytheycanassesstheirownperformances.Thisabilityiscalledmetacognitionandisassociatedwithotherareaswherebilingualshavebeenshowntohaveanadvantage.
Inourresearch,wepresentedparticipantswithasituationinwhichtheyhadtoobservetwocirclesonascreenandguesswhichonecontainedmoredots.Sometimesthedifferencewasobvious,makingthedecisioneasy,whileatothertimes
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- 关 键 词:
- 学年 高中英语 中心 发言 提纲
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