民航货运英语Word格式文档下载.docx
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民航货运英语Word格式文档下载.docx
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Smallpackageservice:
Aspecializedserviceguaranteeingthedeliveryofsmallparcelswithinspecifiedexpresstimelimits,e.g.samedayornextday.Thistrafficissubjecttosizeandweightlimitations.Mostpassengeraircarriersalsoprovidethisserviceatairportticketcounterswithdeliveryatdestinationbaggageclaimarea.It’softenreferredtoascountertocounter.
Tonmile:
Thecommonmeasurementoftransportationproductivity.Onetonmilemeansonetonofcargoflownonemile.
All-cargoaircraft:
Aircraftforthecarriageofcargoonly,ratherthanthecombinationofpassengersandcargo.Cargoaircraftcarrypalletizedorcontainerizedtrafficonthemaindeckandeitherunitizedorbulkcargoonthelowerdeck.Cargoaircraftarenormallyequippedwithspecialcargoloadingsystemsonthemaindeck.Alsoreferredtoasfreighters.
TEXT
Thetermaircargoisgenerallyusedinthebroadsense,toincludeairfreight,mail,andtheseveraltypesofexpeditedsmallpackageservices.Inshort,almosteverythingthatgoesinthecargocompartmentonapassengerflightisconsideredaircargo,exceptpassengerbaggage,whichistreatedaspartofthepassenger.
Theairlinegottheirstartcarryingmail,thenprogressedintothepassengerbusinessandmovedtosubstantialparticipationinthefreightbusiness.Yetalthoughitwasthelatecomer,airfreightwasoncethefastest-growingsegmentoftheairlineindustry.From1961through1971,theton-milesoffreightcarriedbyUSscheduledairlineshadnearlyafivefoldincrease,whilepassenger-milesincreasedalittleoverthreefold.The1970sshowedslowerbutsteadygrowth,abouta67percentincreaseoverthedecadeforton-milesofairfreight.
Inthe1980ssmall-packageexpressservicesgrewrapidlyanddataforthatdecadereflectfreightandexpresscombined.Theyshowan85percentincreaseinton-milesinthetenyears.Mostrecentfiguresshowanincreaseof11.5percentfrom1990-1993.
Butitwouldbeamistaketodowngradetheimportanceofaircargoonlybecauseitisasmallbusinesscomparedwiththepassengerbusiness.Becauseofitsspeed,andbecauseofthemanysavingsderivingfromspeed,aircargoservicehasbecomevaluabletomanufactures,toretailers,andtoconsumers.Amanufacturerofappliancesmayrelyontheairlinesfordeliveryofcomponents,whileretailersmayuseairformovingmuchoftheirmerchandisetotheirscatteredoutlets.Theconsumermaybenefitinmanyways,suchasquickreceiptofurgentlyneededgoods.Theconsumeralsobenefitsindirectlytotheextentthatuseofairmayinvolveandoverallcostsavinginthemanufactureanddistributionofgoods.
Manyairlinesspecializeincarryingcargo.Butmuchcargoiscarriedbyregularpassengerairlines,whichmeansmostcargotodaytravelsinthecargoholdsonpassengerflights,ratherthanall-cargoaircraft.
In1949theCivilAeronauticsBoard(CAB)establishedaclassofairlinecalledcertificatedcargocarriers.Theonememberofthatsurvivedintothe1980swastheflyingtigerline,whichdevelopedalargeworldwidenetworkand,foratime,wastheworld’slargestcarrierofairfreight.In1989itwasacquiredbythesmall-packagecarrierfederalexpress.
The1970sand1980ssawaremarkablegrowthinsmall-packagetraffic.The1990s,however,haveseensmall-packagecarriersexpandintotheairfreightbusiness,themergerofFederalExpresswithFlyingTigerbeingconsistentwiththistrend.Thetermintegratedcarrierwasinitiallyusedforsmall-packagecarriersusingtheirowntrucksforpickupanddelivery—“integrated”inthesenseofone-com-anyservicefromdoortodoor.Notonlyhavethesecarriersbeenexpandingintoairfreight,manyairfreightforwardsnowoperatetheirownaircraftandprovideone-company“integrated”service.Thetermisnowcomingtobeusedtodistinguishtheairlinethatcarriesonlycargofromthecombinationcarrierthatisprimarilyinthepassengerbusinessandtakescargoasasideline.
LESSONTWOAirFreight航空运费
Airwaybill:
Thedocumentmadebyoronbehalfoftheshipperwhichisadocumentaryevidenceofcarrier’sandshipper’ssignaturetothecontractofcarriage.
Shipment:
Alsoknownasconsignment.Oneormorepiecesoffreightbeingtransportedunderthecontractedauthorityofoneairwaybill
CustomsBroker:
anagentspecializedininboundcustomsclearance
Container:
Aunitloaddevice(ULD)inwhichaconsignmentcanbetransported.
TEXT
Themovementoffreightbyairismorecomplicatedthanthemovementofpassengersbyair.Everypieceoffreighthastobecarefullylabeledandtransportedfromplacetoplace.Inaddition,therearemorecomplicatedgovernmentregulationsforinternationalshipmentoffreightthanforpassengers.
Becauseofthesecomplications,mostairfreightshipmentsarehandledb
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