化学专业词汇Word文档下载推荐.docx

化学专业词汇Word文档下载推荐.docx

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阿伏加德罗常数

Avogadro?

constant（abbr.?

NA）?

摩尔?

mole?

摩尔质量?

molar?

mass?

实验式/最简式/经验式?

empirical?

气体摩尔体积?

volume?

阿伏加德罗定律?

Avogadro’s?

Law?

溶液?

solution?

溶解?

dissolve?

浓度?

concentration?

质量/体积分数?

mass/volume?

浓缩?

concentrate?

稀释?

dilute?

蒸馏?

distillation?

萃取?

extraction?

化学反应方程式?

chemical?

equation?

反应物?

reactant?

生成物?

product?

固体?

solid?

液体?

liquid

气体?

gaseous?

aqueous

配平?

balance

化学计量学?

stoichiometry

酸?

acid?

碱?

base/alkali?

（refers?

to?

soluble?

bases）?

盐?

salt?

酸式盐?

离子方程式?

ionic?

结晶水?

water?

crystallisation?

水合的?

hydrated?

无水的?

anhydrous

滴定?

titration?

指示剂?

indicator?

氧化数?

oxidation?

number?

氧化还原反应?

redox?

reaction?

氧化反应?

还原反应?

reduction?

歧化反应?

disproportionation?

归中反应

comproportionation（symproportionation）

氧化剂?

oxidising?

agent?

还原剂?

reducing?

电子层（壳）?

（electron）?

shell?

电离能?

ionisation?

energy（abbr.?

.）?

第一，第二，第三等电离能

first,second,third,etc.?

1st,2nd,3rd,etc.?

电子亲和能?

electron?

affinity?

屏蔽效应?

electronic?

shielding（screening）?

原子轨道?

orbital?

电子云?

cloud?

电子亚层?

sub-shell?

能层?

layer?

能级?

energy?

level?

电子排布?

configuration?

电子云重叠?

overlap?

洪特规则?

Hund’s?

rule?

泡利原理?

Pauli?

exclusion?

principle?

基态?

ground?

state?

激发态?

excited?

state

跃迁?

transition?

手性?

chirality?

[kai?

-]?

化学键?

bond?

键长?

length?

键级?

order?

键角?

angle?

键能?

enthalpies?

离子键?

bond

供体?

donor?

受体?

acceptor?

静电吸引?

electrostatic?

attraction?

巨型离子结构?

giant?

structure?

共价键?

covalent[k?

'

ve?

nt]?

巨型共价结构?

covalent?

共用电子对?

shared?

pair/bonding?

pair?

孤对电子?

lone?

pair/non-bonding?

σ键?

σ-bond?

π键?

π-bond?

δ键?

δ-bond?

极性共价键?

polar?

非极性共价键?

non-polar?

配位键?

dipolar?

bond/dative?

bond/coordinate?

电负性?

electronegativity

极性?

polarity?

偶极子?

dipole?

分子间作用力?

intermolecular?

forces?

氢键?

hydrogen?

范德华力?

van?

der?

Waal’s?

force?

色散力?

dispersion?

诱导力?

induction?

取向力?

orientation?

force/dipole-dipole?

金属键?

metallic?

离域?

delocalisation?

[di:

l?

uk?

lai'

zei?

延展性?

malleability?

[,m?

b?

ti]

可锻性?

ductility?

[d?

k'

t?

]

导电性?

electrical?

conductivity?

合金?

alloy?

元素周期表?

the?

Periodic?

Table?

周期?

period?

族?

group?

原子序数?

同位素?

isotope[?

s?

p]?

核素?

nuclide?

['

nju?

kla?

d]

同量异位素?

isobar['

（?

）bɑ?

金属?

metal?

非金属?

nonmetal?

碱金属?

alkali?

碱土金属?

alkaline?

earth?

卤素?

halogen?

稀有气体?

noble?

gas?

元素周期律?

periodic?

trends?

活泼?

active?

稳定?

分解反应?

decomposition?

化合反应?

combination（synthesis）?

取代反应?

displacement?

复分解反应?

metathesis[m?

θ?

sis]?

reaction/double?

replacement（displacement）?

沉淀?

precipitation?

[pr?

s?

p?

te?

）n]

官能团?

functional?

碳氢化合物/烃?

hydrocarbon?

饱和烃?

saturated?

不饱和烃?

unsaturated?

脂肪烃?

aliphatic[,?

f?

k]?

hydrocarbon

脂环烃?

alicyclic?

sa?

kl?

k;

]hrdrocarbon?

同系物?

homologous[h?

m?

g?

s]series?

异构现象?

isomerism?

ais?

riz?

m]?

同分异构体?

isomeride?

[ai'

raid]?

同素异形体?

allotropy/allotropism?

分子式?

通式?

general?

结构式?

displayed?

结构简式?

structural?

键线式?

skeletal?

均裂?

homolytic?

fission?

异裂?

heterolytic?

亲核试剂?

nucleophile?

njukli?

fail]?

亲电子试剂?

electrophile?

加成反应?

addition?

加水加成?

hydration?

加成聚合反应?

polymerisation?

聚合物?

polymer?

单体?

monomer?

链节?

repeat?

unit?

缩合聚合反应?

condensation?

reaction

缩聚物?

substitution?

脱水?

dehydration?

水解?

hydrolysis?

卤代反应?

halogenation?

酯化反应?

esterification?

亲核取代?

nucleophilic?

消去反应?

elimination?

裂化反应?

cracking?

（reaction）?

石油分馏?

fractional?

燃烧?

combustion

发酵?

fermentation?

氟氯烃?

chlorofluorocarbons?

产率?

percentage?

yield?

原子利用率?

economy?

红外光谱学?

infrared?

spectroscopy?

质谱分析?

光谱?

spectrum?

挥发性?

volatility?

冷凝回流?

reflux?

反应机理?

mechanism?

能量守恒定律?

law?

conservation?

热力学?

thermodynamic?

[θ?

:

udai?

焓?

enthalpy（abbr.?

H）?

[en'

lpi]?

焓变?

enthalpy?

change（abbr.?

ΔH）?

标准焓?

standard?

ΔH?

）?

标准反应焓?

ΔHr?

燃烧热?

heat?

combustion?

标准燃烧焓?

change?

combustion（abbr.?

ΔHc?

标准生成焓?

formation（abbr.?

ΔHf?

放热反应?

exothermic[eks?

u?

吸热反应?

endothermic?

热化学方程式?

thermochemical[θ?

活化能?

activation?

energy（abbe.?

Ea）?

比热容?

specific?

capacity?

键焓?

平均键焓?

average?

盖斯定律?

Hess’?

有效碰撞理论?

collision?

theory?

反应速率?

rate?

reaction/reaction?

rate

反应动力学?

react