高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 2 Robots练习 新人教版选修7docWord格式.docx
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高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 2 Robots练习 新人教版选修7docWord格式.docx
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Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?
Animalscan’ttalk,butcantheylieinotherways?
Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehaviors?
Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?
Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.
Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator(猎食动物)getsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?
Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe“hurt”adult,leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.
Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.
Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?
Theydon’tmakenests.Instead,theygetintootherbirds’nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeout,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.
Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner’shandandstartfightingagain.
Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon’thearthem,andtheydon’tneedtosharetheirfood.
Asismentionedabove,animalsbehavedishonestlyforsurvival.IsitOKtolieforushuman?
(2015·
福建永安质检)
1.Thewriterusesthethreequestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto .
A.askthereaderstoanswerthequestions
B.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopic
C.seekanswerstothequestions
D.showheisatalossaboutthequestions
2.Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleofanimal’sdishonestbehaviors?
A.Theploverpretendedtohaveabrokenwingtoprotectitsbabybirds.
B.Ascrubjaydugoutitsburiedfoodandreburieditsomewhereelse.
C.Theadoptiveparentsfeedtheirbabybirdsofcuckoos.
D.Alosingchimpstartsfightingagainaftertakingthewinner’shand.
3.Theunderlinedword“sneaky”inParagraph5mostprobablymeans .
A.selfishB.friendly
C.entertainingD.dishonest
4.Whatisthecommonreactionofmostchimpswhentheyfindtheirfavoritefood?
A.Theyletoutaloudcry.
B.Theycryinaverylowvoice.
C.Theyhidetheirfoodimmediately.
D.Theysharetheirfoodwithotherchimps.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。
文章通过列举一些鸟类和大猩猩的例子说明,动物有时会出于生存需要而撒谎。
1.B 推理判断题。
文章开头提出几个与主题相关的问题,又一一作出回答,可见作者意不在问,而是为了吸引读者的注意。
2.C 细节理解题。
文中第二、三、五段举例说明了plover,scrubjay和chimp使用欺骗手段取得自保的做法,因此选择C项。
事实上,把蛋下在别的鸟巢里才是欺骗手段,而喂鸟并不是。
3.D 词义推测题。
结合第一段倒数第三句中的“frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals”,第二段第一句以及划线词sneaky前的also一词可知,此处指猩猩和鸟类一样,也会表现得不诚实,故选D项。
4.A 细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段第二句和第三句“Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.”可知,当猩猩们找到自己喜欢的食物时,往往会大声叫喊,呼朋引伴,故选A项。
B
Eventhoughitdoesn’thaveahead,youcanstilltellwhatkindofanimalitis:
therobotisdefinitelymodeleduponacat.DevelopedbyEPFL’sBioroboticsLaboratory(Biorob),the“cheetah-cubrobot,”asmall-sizequadrupedprototyperobot,isdescribedinanarticleappearingtodayintheInternationalJournalofRoboticsResearch.Whatisspecialisthedesignofitslegs,whichmakesitveryfastandstable.
Thisrobotisthefastestinitskind.Duringtests,itshoweditsabilitytorunnearlyseventimesitsbodylengthinonesecond.Inaddition,therobotisextremelylightandcanbeeasilymadefrommaterialsthatareinexpensiveandreadilyavailable.
Themachine’sstrengthsalllieinthedesignofitslegs.Theresearchersdevelopedanewmodelwiththisrobot,onethatisbasedonthecarefulobservationandfaithfulreproductionofthecat-likeleg.Thenumberofsegments(分段)—threeoneachleg—andtheirproportions(比例)arethesameastheyareonacat.Springsareusedtoreproducetendons(肌腱),andactuators—smallmotorsthatturnenergyintomovement—areusedtoreplacethemuscles.
BiorobdirectorAukeIjspeertsaid,“It’sstillintheexperimentalstages,butthelong-termgoalofthecheetah-cubrobotistobeabletodevelopfast,agile,groundedmachinesforuseinexploration,forexampleforsearchandrescueinnaturaldisastersituations.Studyingandusingtheprinciplesoftheanimalkingd
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