Fabian socialism with social welfare policyWord下载.docx

Fabian socialism with social welfare policyWord下载.docx

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Socialwelfare

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Preface

TheFabiansocialismisnamedbyanAncient-RomangeneralanddictatorwhowasQuintusFabiusMaximusVerrucosus.ThisguywasfamousaboutFabianstrategy.Itisamilitarystrategywherepitchedbattlesandfrontalassaultsareavoidedinfavorofwearingdownanopponentthroughawarofattritionandindirection.Whileavoidingdecisivebattles,thesideemployingthisstrategyharassesitsenemythroughskirmishestocauseattrition,disruptsupplyandaffectmorale.Employmentofthisstrategyimpliesthattheweakersidebelievestimeisonitsside,butitmayalsobeadoptedwhennofeasiblealternativestrategycanbedevised.

Tracingthehistory,speciallyfoundoutwherethe“Fabian”camefrom,isgoodforustounderstandwhatthecharacteristicsofFabiansocialismare.AstheFabianstrategyshown,theFabiansocialismhighlyvaluethesewords,suchasslowly,gradually,progressively,correct,perfect.

Inthisessay,wewillbrieflydiscussaboutwhatFabiansocialismis,whatthecharacteristicsofFabiansocialismare,whattheopinionsofFabiansocialismare,howitimpacttheBritainsociety.Meanwhile,thisessaydiscussesaboutthereasonandbackgroundofFabiansocialismwasbornonpolitical,economicandsocialtheoreticaltermsinthefirstpart.Inthesefollowingparts,thisessaywilldiscussaboutthesocialwelfaretheoryofFabiansocialismandhowthesewereappliedintheU.Kwherethecradletoit,comparetotheothercontemporarysocialwelfaretheories,andfinally,wediscussedaboutwhatthestrengthsandweaknessoftheopinionsofsocialwelfareofFabiansocialismandbrieflyintroducehowitwasappliedinChina.

Afterouressay,wehopethatyoucanhaveaprobablyandgenerallyconceptionsaboutFabiansocialismanditssocialwelfaretheories.Becauseofithasoccupiedaveryimportantstageinwesternsociologyandsocialwelfareideologies.

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Part1Fabiansocialism

Therewasanexpansivediscussioninthe1980sChina,duringtheOpenandReformpolicypublished,whichwasabouthowtomodifythepastMao’political,economicandsocialsystem,andreformitintoDeng’ssocialchangingexpectations.IthasbeenabigtopicthathowtousetheCapitalisticwaystodeveloptheSocialismSocietywithChineseCharacteristics.Atthattime,somescholarssuggestedthatchinacanmirrororcomparethepastexperienceswhichareaboutsocietyreformingofBritainintheperiodaftertheSecondWorldWar.OppositetoChinain1980s,theproblemwhicharefacedbyBritishwasthathowtopracticethesocialisticnationalization.Thesocialisticnationalizationwasabouthowtodevelopandperfectsocialwelfaresystem,pursuesocialfareandjustice,beopposedtoOnlymarket-orientedandadvocategovernmentinterventionandwelfarestate.AlloftheseideaswereclaimedbyClementRichardAttleewhowastheleaderoftheBritainLaborpartyandtookpowerintotheBritishgovernment.And,hewasfollowingtheFabiansocialism.

TheFabiansocialismisthetopicofthisessay.

1.1WhatisFabianSocialism?

FabiansocialismhasbeenoneofthemainsocialideologiesinBritainsociety,andtherationaleoftheBritainlaborparty.ItisfoundedbySydneyandBeatriceWebb,andlateroninthe1940sRichardTawneyandHaroldLasiki.ItalsoheavilyinfluencedJawaharalNehru,thefoundingfatherofModernIndia,andLeeKwan-Yew,thefoundingfatherofmodernSingapore,alsoveryinfluentialinHongKong（Aspalter,2012）.

TheFabiansocialistproposedthattocorrectratherthanreplacethemarketsystem.Theyprefertograduallyandorderlyreform,correctorperfecttheCapitalistic（liberalism）societytothesocialismsociety.And,comparewiththeliberalismandcommunism,Fabiansocialismhasitsownthinkingonseveralsocialproblems,suchasunemployment,elderlycare,povertyandeducation.

FabiansocialismisopposedtotheideasoftheLiberalism（ortheNeo/Newliberalism,actuallytheyaresame,butbornindifferenttime）whichclaimedthataFREEmarketeconomy（market-orientedsociety,moneydecideeverything）,aCONCERVATIVEgovernment（beanight-watch-manstate,saidbyAdamsmithwhoisthefatherofliberalism）,andpassivesocialwelfareopinions.ScholarsdefineitastheExtremely-Rightwingofsocialideologies.

FabiansocialismisnamedwithSocialism,butitisnotacompletelySocialistic（orCommunist,inchinawealwaystreatsocialismandcommunismarethesame）ideology.Thesocialismclaimedthatagovernment-orientedeconomy（thegovernmentdecideproductionandprices,anditcontrolsocialdistribution）,allmeansofproductionarebelongtogovernment（allbelongto