能源科学概论Word格式.docx
- 文档编号:15887697
- 上传时间:2022-11-16
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:31
- 大小:11.17MB
能源科学概论Word格式.docx
《能源科学概论Word格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《能源科学概论Word格式.docx(31页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
宋人有耕者,田中有株,兔走触株,折颈而死,因拾其耒而守株,兔不可复得,而身为宋国笑。
—今日欲先王之政,治当今之民,皆守株待兔也!
)
教学!
教学!
其本质就是“教”与“学”
“教”的理念:
Comprehension(广泛的知识)
Openness(开放的意识)
Clearness(清楚的概念)
“学”的理念:
R3=Reading(广泛地阅读)
Research(认真地探索)
Requesting(积极地提问)
讲授的方法:
提供学习的思路,
提供探讨的氛围,
提供丰富的知识。
Besides:
BilingualLecture
每堂课=讲授时间+探讨时间+讨论时间
考核方法:
平常成绩+考试
考试方式:
开卷考试
所以,要求每次课前,希望找作好预习工作。
作好讨论的准备工作,希望营造一种自由活泼的学术氛围与环境。
Thereisnoroyalroadinscience.Onlythosewhodonotdreadtheirfatigueclimbingonitssteeppathshaveachanceofgettingitsluminoussummit.—KarlMax
路漫漫兮其修远矣,吾将上下而求索!
—屈原
1能源总论
1-1能量的概念
1-1-1能量性质、单位和种类
1-1-2能量的转换和利用
1-1-3能源的评价
1-2能源与经济
1-2-1能源与发展的关系
1-2-2能源与环境的关系
1-3能源的现状和未来
1-3-1资源问题
1-3-2能源的开发及挑战
1-3-3能源的发展前景
2常规能源
化石燃料能源的来源:
化石燃料能是一种特殊的生物能,它是生物能在特殊的地质条件下经过千万年的演变而成。
FollowingistheexplanationinEnglish.
Heatgenerationisnecessaryinmaterialprocessingprocess,inwhichfuelcombustionisparticularimportantbecauseitiswidelyusedincommercialmaterialproduction.Acombustionfurnace,inwhichfuelsareburnedtogenerateheatthatisusedtoheatupproducts,isgenerallyusedincommercialindustry.
Fossilfuels,asourceofheatforthecombustionfurnaces,shouldbecapableofproducinglargequantitiesofheatwhenreactingwithoxygencontainedbyairwithapproximately21volumepercent.
Besides,Fossilfuelsshouldalsobeusedeconomicallyandproducelessenvironmentalpollution.
Fossilfuelsaregenerallyclassifiedintothreecatagories:
solidfuels,liquidfuelsandgaseousfuels
accordingtotheirproperties.
2-1固态燃料(SolidFuels)
·
2-1-1煤(Coal)
Amongsolidfuel,coalisatypicalkindoffuelthatplayanimportantroleinmaterialindustry.
Coaloriginatedfromthearresteddecayoftheremainsoftrees,bushes,ferns,mosses,vines,andotherformsofplantlife,whichflourishedinhugeswampsandbogsmanymillionsofyearsagoduringprolongedperiodsofhumid,tropicalclimateandabundantrainfall.
Theprecursorofcoalwaspeat,whichwasformedbybacterialandchemicalactionontheplantdebris.Subsequentactionofheat,pressure,andotherphysicalphenomenametamorphosedthepeattothevariousranksofcoal,asweknowthemtoday.
Becauseofthevariousdegreesofthemetamorphicchangesduringthisprocess,coalisnotauniformsubstance;
notwocoalsareeverthesameineveryrespect.
2-1-2其它固态燃料
Followingsolidfuelsarealsotypicalalthoughsomeofthemarenotbelongtofossilfuel.
•COKE
Cokeisthesolid,cellular,infusiblematerialremainingafterthecarbonizationofcoal,pitch,petroleumresidues,andcertainothercarbonaceousmaterials.Thevarietiesofcoke,otherthanthosefromcoal,generallyareidentifiedbyprefixingawordtoindicatethesource,e.g.petroleumcoke.Toindicatetheprocessbywhichacokeismanufactured,aprefixalsoisoftenused,e.g.beehivecoke.
Wood
Thefuelvaluesofdifferentwoods(exceptresinouswoods)arenearlyproportionaltotheirweightsonadrybasis.Theresinouswoodspossesshigherheatingvaluesthanthenon-resinousones.
Charcoal
Charcoalistheresidueremainingafterthedestructivedistillationofwood.Itabsorbsmoisturereadily,oftencontainingasmuchas10to15percentwater.Inadditionitusuallycontainsabout2to3percentashand0.5to1.0percenthydrogen.
Char
Charisthenon-agglomerated,non-fusibleresiduefromthethermaltreatmentofsolid,carbonaceousmaterial.Coalcharsareobtainedasaresidueoraco-productfromlow-temperaturecarbonizationprocesses,andfromprocessesnowbeingdevelopedtoconvertcoaltoliquidandgaseousfuelsandtochemicals.
Tanbark
Tanbarkistheresidueremainingafterthebarkhasbeenusedintanningoperations.Itusuallycontainsfrom60to70percentwater.Intheuseoftanbarkasafuel,averylargecombustionspaceisrequired.
Bagasse
Bagasseisthesolidresidueremaining,aftersugarcanehasbeencrushedbypressurerolls.Itusuallycontainsfrom40to50percentwater.
OtherSolidWastes
Largeandincreasingquantitiesofsolidwastesgeneratedpercapitaareasignificantfeatureofaffluentsocieties.IntheUnitedStatestherateexceeds5lb.percapitaperday,nearly200milliontonsperyear.Onamoisture-freebasis,thecompositionofmiscellaneousrefuseissurprisinglyuniform;
butsizeandmoisturevariationscausemajordifficultiesinefficient,economicaldisposal.
2-2液态燃料(LiquidFuel)
2-2-1石油(LiquidPetroleumFuels)
Theprincipalliquidfuelsaremadebyfractionaldistillationofpetroleum,whichisamixtureofhydrocarbonsandhydrocarbonderivativesranginginmolecularweightfrommethanetoheavybitumen.
Asmanyashalfthemoleculesincrude
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 能源 科学 概论
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)