WikipediaCharging stationWord格式.docx
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WikipediaCharging stationWord格式.docx
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Converted
ToyotaPrii
rechargingatpublicchargingstationsin
SanFrancisco
(2009)
BrammoEmpulse
electricmotorcycle
atan
AeroVironmentchargingstation
An
electricvehiclechargingstation,alsocalled
EVchargingstation,
electricrechargingpoint,
chargingpoint
and
EVSE(ElectricVehicleSupplyEquipment),isanelementinaninfrastructurethatsupplies
electricenergy
fortherechargingof
plug-inelectricvehicles,including
all-electriccars,
neighborhoodelectricvehicles
plug-inhybrids.
As
plug-inhybridelectricvehicles
batteryelectricvehicle
ownershipisexpanding,thereisagrowingneedforwidelydistributedpubliclyaccessiblechargingstations,someofwhichsupportfasterchargingathighervoltagesandcurrentsthanareavailablefromdomesticsupplies.Manychargingstationsareon-streetfacilitiesprovidedbyelectricutilitycompanies,mobilechargingstationshavebeenrecentlyintroduced.Someofthesespecialchargingstationsprovideoneorarangeofheavydutyorspecialconnectorsand/orchargingwithoutaphysicalconnectionusingparkingplacesequippedwith
inductivecharging
mats.
Contents
[hide]
∙1
Overview
o1.1
Internationalstatus
o1.2
Safety
o1.3
Standards
∙2
Mode1:
Householdsocketandextensioncord
∙3
Mode2:
Domesticsocketandcablewithaprotectiondevice
∙4
Mode3:
Specificsocketonadedicatedcircuit
∙5
Mode4:
Directcurrent(DC)connectionforfastrecharging
o5.1
Evolution
∙6
Chargingtime
∙7
Infrastructure
∙8
Smartgridcommunication
∙9
Deploymentofpublicchargingstations
o9.1
Locations
o9.2
Vehicleandchargingstationprojectsandjointventures
∙10
Chargingstationmanufacturers
o10.1
DCchargingstations(fast)
o10.2
Chargingnetworkoperators
o10.3
Feud
o10.4
EVchargingstationsigns
o10.5
Blockheaterpowersupplies
∙11
Batteryswapping
∙12
RenewableelectricityandREchargingstations
o12.1
SPARCstation
o12.2
E-Movechargingstation
o12.3
Wind-poweredchargingstation
∙13
Seealso
∙14
Notes
∙15
Externallinks
Overview[edit]
Public-domainEuropeanchargestationsign
U.S.trafficsignusedforEVchargingstation
Achargingstationin
Monza,Italy
Internationalstatus[edit]
AsofDecember2012,around50,000non-residentialslowchargingpointsweredeployedintheU.S.,Europe,JapanandChina.[1]
AsofSeptember2013,therewere3,073quickchargersdeployedaroundtheworld,with1,858inJapan,897inEuropeand306intheUnitedStates.[2]
AsofDecember2013,Estoniaisthefirstandonlycountrythathadcompletedthedeploymentofan
EVchargingnetwork
withnationwidecoverage,with165fastchargersavailablealonghighwaysataminimumdistanceofbetween40to60
km(25to37
mi),andahigherdensityinurbanareas.[3][4][5]
AsofMarch2013,5,678publicchargingstationsexistedacrosstheUnitedStates,with16,256publicchargingpoints,ofwhich3,990werelocatedin
California,1,417in
Texas,and1,141in
Washington.[6][7]
AsofNovember2012,about15,000chargingstationshadbeeninstalledinEurope.[8]
AsofMarch2013,Norway,whichhasthehighestelectricownershippercapita,had4,029chargingpointsand127quickchargingstations.[9]
Aspartofitscommitmenttoenvironmentalsustainability,theDutchgovernmentinitiatedaplantoestablishover200chargingstationsacrossthecountryby2015.TherolloutwillbeundertakenbySwitzerland-basedpowerandautomationcompanyABBandDutchstartupFastned,andwillaimtoprovideatleastonestationevery50kilometres(31miles)fortheNetherlands'
16millionresidents.[10]
AsofDecember2012,Japanhad1,381publicquick-chargestations,thelargestdeploymentoffastchargersintheworld,butonlyaround300slowchargers.[1]
AsofDecember2012,
China
hadaround800publicslowchargingpoints,andnofastchargingstations.[1]
AsofDecember2012,thecountrywiththehighestratioofquickchargerstoelectricvehicles(EVSE/EV)wasJapan,witharatioof0.030,andtheNetherlandshadthelargestratioofslowEVSE/EV,withmorethan0.50,whiletheU.ShadaslowEVSE/EVratioof0.20.[1]
AsofSeptember2013,thelargestpublicchargingnetworksin
Australia
existinthecapitalcitiesof
Perth
Melbourne,witharound30stations(7
kWAC)establishedinbothcities—smallernetworksexistinothercapitalcities.[11]
Safety[edit]
Althoughmostrechargeableelectricvehiclesandequipmentcanberechargedfromadomestic
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