现代汉语基础语法知识Word文档格式.docx

现代汉语基础语法知识Word文档格式.docx

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,suchas"

upper"

"

lower"

left"

right"

front"

later"

middle"

East"

West"

south"

North"

back"

andsoon.

Verb:

theact,act,development,orchangeofapersonorthing.

Someverbsmeangeneralactions,suchas:

come,go,say,walk,run,learn,takeoff,examine,understand,etc..

Someverbsexpresspsychologicalactivities,suchas"

think,payattentionto,respect,understand,believe,admireandmiss"

etc.thefrontofsuchverbscanoftenbeadded"

very,very,very."

"

Someverbsthatcanandarewillingtothemeaning,called"

verbs"

theyare"

ableto,should,Ken,dare,（DEI）,canandshouldbe,shouldbewillingto,can,may,must,theseverbsareoftenusedinfrontofgeneralverbs,suchas"

tobeabletodo,canbeconsidered,willingtolearn,shouldsay,maydevelop"

Someverbsindicatethetrend,called"

directionalverb"

come"

and"

go,upanddown,inandout,upanddown,upanddown,overthepast,andtheyareoftenusedingeneralverbsthattrend,suchas"

jumpup,down,up,ran"

Yes"

yes"

arealsoverbs,thesameasverbs.

Adjectivesdescribetheshape,style,nature,etcofathing,suchas"

many,little,tall,fat,stiff,extravagant,timid,ugly."

Numeral:

numeralisthewordthatexpressesthenumberofthings.Suchas"

oneortwo,twoorthree,seven,ten,100,thousand,tenmillion,half"

half"

Quantifier:

aquantifierisawordthatexpressesathingoranactionunit.Chinesequantifiersaredividedintonominalquantifiersandmomentumwords.

Nounquantifiersrepresentthequantityofthings,andcanbedividedintounitquantifiersandmetricquantifiers.

Aunitofmeasureindicatingthings,suchas"

a"

Zhang"

Zhi"

Ben"

platform"

shelf"

car"

Star"

tree"

head"

inter"

handle"

fan"

etc.;

Metricquantifiersmeasurethings,suchasinches,feet,feet,pounds,two,tons,liters,buckets,gallons,volts,ohms,cubicmeters"

Thenumberofactionsexpressedbyaverb,suchasthe"

second"

and"

field"

usedinfrontandbackofverbs"

Adverbs:

adverbsarealwaysusedbeforeverbsandadjectives,suchas"

very,very,very,very,very,very,very,very,very,very,veryquickly,immediately,unexpectedly,once,unexpectedly,anew,constantly,"

etc..Adverbsareusuallyusedinfrontofverbsandadjectives.Suchas"

come,goimmediately,verywell,startagain"

only"

very"

extreme"

canbeusedinverbs,adjectives,suchascomplement,suchas"

happy,veryfondof."

Preposition:

aprepositionisalwayscombinedwithotherwordstoformaprepositionalphrase,whichisusedasanattribute,anadverbialmodifierandancomplement.Suchas"

from"

towards"

for"

Conjunctions:

conjunctionscanlinkwords,phrases,sentences,andevenparagraphs.Suchas"

harmony"

or"

or"

or"

"

Connectivescanberegardedasconjunctions,suchas"

because"

......So,notonly......And,though......But"

Auxiliarywordsattachedtowords,phrases,orsentences.Auxiliarywordscanbedividedintothreecategories.

Akindofstructuralauxiliarywords,theyare"

"

like"

;

Onekindisdynamicauxiliaryword,theyare"

go"

pass"

Oneisthemodalparticles,suchas"

ah,"

ah"

wow"

and"

?

Interjection:

thatsigh,calling,answeringawordcalledinterjection.Suchas:

Hello,yo,hi,hum,oh,ohdear"

.Interjectionisalwaysaseparatesentence.

Onomatopoeia:

thewordthatsimulatessounds.Suchas"

wow"

woof"

bang"

giggle"

ShaShaSha"

Hula"

（two）phrases

Wordsandwordscanformphrasesaccordingtocertainrules.Phrasesaregrammaticalunitsthatarelargerthanwordsandsmallerthansentences.TherearemanykindsofphrasesinChinese,andthemostbasiconesarethefollowingseven.

Jointphrase:

aphraseconsistingofwordsofequalrankiscalledacombiningphrase.

Suchas"

Chinesecabbageandcelery"

bananas,orangesandoranges"

investigation,