热力学词汇Word文档下载推荐.docx
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热力学词汇Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Classicalthermodynamics经典热力学
Statisticalthermodynamics统计热力学
Chemicalthermodynamics化学热力学
Chemicalengineeringthermodynamics化工热力学
Engineeringthermodynamics工程热力学
Chemicalandengineeringthermodynamics化学和工程热力学
Molecularthermodynamics分子热力学
Nonequilibriumthermodynamics非平衡态热力学
化工热力学研究过程的方向和限度。
化工热力学是化学工程的一个分支,是热力学基本定律应用于化学工程领域中而形成的一门学科。
主要研究化工过程中各种形式的能量之间相互转化的规律及过程趋近平衡的极限条件,为有效利用能量和改进实际过程提供理论依据。
Steamengine蒸汽机
蒸汽机是众多热机中的一种,是以蒸汽作为工作介质的热机
Heatengine热机,热力发动机
Inthermodynamics,aheatengineisasystemthatperformstheconversionofheatorthermalenergytomechanicalwork.Itdoesthisbybringingaworkingsubstancefromahightemperaturestatetoalowertemperaturestate.Aheat"
source"
generatesthermalenergythatbringstheworkingsubstanceinthehightemperaturestate.Theworkingsubstancegeneratesworkinthe"
workingbody"
oftheenginewhiletransferringheattothecolder"
sink"
untilitreachesalowtemperaturestate.Duringthisprocesssomeofthethermalenergyisconvertedintoworkbyexploitingthepropertiesoftheworkingsubstance.Theworkingsubstancecanbeanysystemwithanon-zeroheatcapacity,butitusuallyisagasorliquid.
Ingeneralanengineconvertsenergytomechanicalwork.HeatenginesdistinguishthemselvesfromothertypesofenginesbythefactthattheirefficiencyisfundamentallylimitedbyCarnot'
stheorem.Althoughthisefficiencylimitationcanbeadrawback,anadvantageofheatenginesisthatmostformsofenergycanbeeasilyconvertedtoheatbyprocesseslikeexothermicreactions(suchascombustion),absorptionoflightorenergeticparticles,friction,dissipationandresistance.Sincetheheatsourcethatsuppliesthermalenergytotheenginecanthusbepoweredbyvirtuallyanykindofenergy,heatenginesareveryversatileandhaveawiderangeofapplicability.
Heatenginesareoftenconfusedwiththecyclestheyattempttomimic.Typicallywhendescribingthephysicaldevicetheterm'
engine'
isused.Whendescribingthemodeltheterm'
cycle'
isused.
Powerdevelopedfromheat热力做功
Thefirstlawofthermodynamics热力学第一定律
Thesecondlawofthermodynamics热力学第二定律
Primitivelaw基本定律
Anetworkofequations一整套方程式
Physicalprocess物理过程
Chemicalprocess化学过程
Biologicalprocess生物过程
Abiologicalprocessisaprocessofalivingorganism.Biologicalprocessesaremadeupofanynumberofchemicalreactionsorothereventsthatresultsinatransformation.
热力学和化工热力学不涉及生物过程
Equilibriumconditions平衡条件
Chemicalspecies化学物种
Chemicalspeciesareatoms,molecules,molecularfragments,ions,etc.,subjectedtoachemicalprocessortoameasurement.Generally,achemicalspeciescanbedefinedasanensembleofchemicallyidenticalmolecularentitiesthatcanexplorethesamesetofmolecularenergylevelsonacharacteristicordelineatedtimescale.Thetermmaybeappliedequallytoasetofchemicallyidenticalatomicormolecularstructuralunitsinasolidarray.
简言之,在热力学里化学物种指纯物质,包括化合物和元素
Drivingforce驱动力
Resistance阻力
Thermodynamicvariable热力学变量
描述热力学体系状态的变量称为热力学变量,常见的热力学变量有温度,压力,体积,内能,焓,熵,和吉布斯自由能。
驱动力是热力学变量,阻力不是热力学变量。
Thermodynamicproperty热力学性质
Generalizedcorrelation普遍化关联式
System体系
State状态
Dimension量纲
Fundamentaldimension基本量纲
Length长度
Time时间
Mass质量
Temperature温度
Amountofsubstance物质的量
Part1-2
Section1.2
Internationalsystemofunits国际单位制
Englishengineeringsystemofunits英美工程单位制
Mole摩尔
TheSIunit(symbolmol)usedinchemistryfortheamountofasubstance.
Grammole克摩尔
克摩尔与摩尔同义,克摩尔不再使用
Section1.3
Numberofmoles摩尔数
Volume容积,体积
Molarmass摩尔质量
Molarvolume摩尔体积
Specificvolume比体积
Molardensity摩尔密度
Specificdensity比密度
Section1.4
Force力
Poundforce磅力lbf
Poundmass磅质量lbm
Section1.5
Hotness热度
Celsiustemperaturescale摄氏温标oC
Kelvintemperaturescale开尔文温标K
Fahrenheittemperaturescale华氏温标oF
Rankinetemperaturescale兰氏温标R
Section1.6
Gaugepressure表压力
Absolutepressure绝对压力
Section1.7
Work功
Shaftwork轴功
Thermodynamicwork热力学功
Section1.8
Kineticenergy动能
Potentialenergy势能
Energyconservation能量守恒
Section1.9
Heat热
Inthermodynamics,heatisenergytransferredfromoneplaceinabodyorthermodynamicsystemtoanotherplace,orbeyondtheboundaryofonesystemtoanotheroneduetothermalcontactevenwhenthesystemsareatdifferenttemperatures.Itisalsooftendescribedastheprocessoftransferofenergybetweenphysicalentities.Inthisdescription,itisanenergytransfertothebodyinanyotherwaythanduetoworkperformedonthebody.
Thermodynamically,energycanonlybetransferredbyheatbetweenobjects,orregionswithinanobject,w
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