初中定语从句讲解练习及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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初中定语从句讲解练习及答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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关系词常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;
指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(做主语)
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
(做宾语)
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
注:
that用法
(1)不用that的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.
(b)介词后不能用。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。
(b)在不定代词,如:
anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
(c)先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时,只用that。
(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。
.
(e)先行词既有人,又有物时。
(f)先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.
(g)为了避免重复.
(h)先行词是theway或thereason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略
(i)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时
举例:
Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?
Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
三、关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词关系副词:
在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=forwhich
where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
1.where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
2.when引导定语从句表示时间。
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
[注]表示时间“time"
一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。
BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.
到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。
每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等,很多。
3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意:
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
注:
1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"
介词+关系词"
结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。
ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.
ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?
Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?
Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.
Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.
练习
(一)
请分析一下定语从句:
(请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)
1.
CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.
2.
AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.
3.
Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.
4.
Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.
5.
Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.
6.
Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?
8.
HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.
9.
MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.
10.
Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?
12.
Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.
13.
Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.
14.
Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.
15.
AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.
二、用关系代词填空:
that、which、who、whom、whose
Thisistheman________wantsto
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