美国文学史20页梗概Word文件下载.docx

美国文学史20页梗概Word文件下载.docx

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.Freeexpressionofemotion,escapesfromsociety,andreturntonatureNewEnglandTranscendentalism新英格兰超验主义

-WaltWhitman,whose<

establishedhimasthemostpopularAmericanpoetofthe19thcentury.

WashingtonIrving

-oneofthefirstAmericanwriterstoearnaninternationalreputation,anearlyRomanticwriter,andFatheroftheAmericanshortstories,“theAmericanGoldsmith”

regardedasawriterwho“perfectedthebestclassicstylethatAmericanliteratureeverproduced.”

Firstnovel<

AHistoryofNewYork>

纽约外史wonhimwidepopularity

<

见闻札记woninternationalfame

→containsGermanfolktales<

RipVanWinkle>

<

TheLegendofSleepyHollow>

READING:

excerptfrom“RipVanWinkle”瑞普·

凡·

温可尔

Itisnotonlywell-knownforRip’s20-yearsleepbutalsoconsideredamodelofperfectEnglishinAmericanliteratureandintheEnglishlanguageaswell.

RalphWaldoEmerson-thespokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism（超验主义）movement

TheAmericanScholar>

论美国学者,<

Self-Reliance>

论自助,<

TheOver-Soul>

ThePoet>

areflectionupontheaesthetic（美学的）problemsintermsofthepresentstateofliteratureinAmerica

Experience>

adiscussionabouttheconflictbetweenidealismandordinarylife.AmericanPuritanism,EuropeanRomanticism,intuitive（直觉的）knowledge,over-soul,individual,nature

HenryDavidThoreau梭罗-<

Walden>

沃乐登

excerptfromNature

Nature>

论自然isregardedastheBibleofNewEnglandTranscendentalism，Emerson’sfirstlittlebook,whichdiscusstheloveofnature,theusesofnature…“atransparenteyeball”

NathanielHawthorne

Interior（内部）oftheheart,‘thereisevilineveryhumanheart,whichmayremainlatent,perhaps,throughthewholelife,butcircumstancesmayrouseittoactivity’,soinalmosteverybook,Hawthornediscusssinandevil.

TheScarletLetter>

thescarletletterAisambiguous（不明确的）.Andtheambiguityisoneofthesalient（显著的）characteristicsofHawthorne’sart.

YoungGoodmanBrown小伙子布朗

YoungGoodmanBrown>

GoodmanBrown,aPuritan（清教徒）,whoacceptsbothsocietyingeneralandhisfellowmenasindividualsworthhisregard,confrontedwiththevisionofhumanevilinoneterriblenight,andbecomesthereafterdistrustfulanddoubtful.

WaltWhitman

Openness,freedom,individualism

I-me,mynation（society）,Freeverse（自由体诗）,Envelopestructure（信件结构）,Catalogue（Listing）

Anewideal,anewworld,anewlife-style

草叶集writteninthefoundingdocumentsofboththeRevolutionaryWarintheUnitedStatesandtheCivilWar.

READING;

1.ThereWasaChildWentForth2.CavalryCrossingaFord3.SongofMyself

ThereWasaChildWentForth>

一个孩子的成长howachildisgreatlyinfluencedbyhisgrowingenvironments,beidentifiedwiththechildhoodofayoung,growingAmerica.

CavalryCrossingaFord>

涉水的骑兵asceneoftheAmericanCivilWar,allthemovementsdescribedinthispicturearefrozen.

SongofMyself>

自己之歌Whitmanisamanbubblingwithenergyandladen（装满）withideas,spontaneous（自发的）expressionofhisoriginalideas

HermanMelville-amasterofallegoryandsymbolism,likeHawthorne

Mardi>

玛地<

Redburn>

雷得本<

WhiteJacket>

白外衣<

Pierre>

皮埃尔<

BillyBudd>

比利·

伯德

excerptfromMoby-Dick

Moby-Dick>

白鲸isoneoftheworld’sgreatestmasterpieces,thefirstAmericanproseepic,Itturnsouttobeasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspiritualexplorationintoman’sdeeprealityandpsychology.

Ishmaelbothasacharacterandanarrator；

thecaptain,Ahabisamonomaniac（狂热者）whosesinglepurposeistocapturethefierce,cunning（狡猾的）whitewhale,MobyDick,whichhadtornawayhisleg.

TheRealisticPeriod:

1865-1914

Realisticperiod–“theGilded（富有的）Age”,thepoorpoorerandtherichricher,people'

sattentionwasnowdirectedtotheinterestingfeaturesofeverydayexistence

Localcolorism,socialDarwinism,bestiality,beyondman'

scontrol

3dominantfiguresoftheperiodareWilliamDeanHowells（美国现实文学先驱）,MarkTwainandHenryJames.

✧HenryJames–“innerworld”ofman

✧Howells–focusedonrisingmiddleclass

✧MarkTwain–hisownregionandpeople,particular“localcolorism”

✧Localcolorists–SarahOrneJewett,JosephKirklandandHamlinGarland.

MarkTwain-thetruefatherofAmericanliterature

Localcolorist,vernacular（方言）,simplesentence,wide-ranginghumor,bothrealisticallyandsymbolically,'

thedamnedhumanrace'

<

TheGildedAge>

LifeontheMississippi>

AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCourt>

亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国人

TheAdventuresofTomSawyer>

汤姆·

索亚历险记（forboys）,<

AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn>

哈克贝里·

费恩历险记（foradults）