机械类文献翻译CNCWord文档格式.docx
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机械类文献翻译CNCWord文档格式.docx
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llbeworkinginmanufacturing,it'
slikelythatyou'
llbedealingwithCNConaregularbasis.
BeforeCNC
Whilethereareexceptionstothisstatement,CNCmachinestypicallyreplace(orworkinconjunctionwith)someexistingmanufacturingprocesses.Takeoneofthesimplestmanufacturingprocesses,drillingholes,forexample.
Adrillpresscanofcoursebeusedtomachineholes.Apersoncanplaceadrillinthedrillchuckthatissecuredinthespindleofthedrillpress.Theycanthen(manually)selectthedesiredspeedforrotation(commonlybyswitchingbeltpulleys),andactivatethespindle.Thentheymanuallypullonthequilllevertodrivethedrillintotheworkpiecebeingmachined.
Asyoucaneasilysee,thereisalotofmanualinterventionrequiredtouseadrillpresstoholes.Apersonisrequiredtodosomethingalmosteverystepalongtheway!
Whilethismanualinterventionmaybeacceptableformanufacturingcompaniesifbutasmallnumberofholesworkpiecesmustbemachined,asquantitiesgrow,sodoesthelikelihoodforfatigueduetothetediousnessoftheoperation.Anddonotethatwe'
veusedoneofthesimplestmachiningoperations(drilling)forourexample.Therearemorecomplicatedmachiningoperationsthatwouldrequireamuchhigherskilllevel(andincreasethepotentialformistakesresultinginscrapworkpieces)ofthepersonrunningtheconventionalmachinetool.(WecommonlyrefertostyleofmachinethatCNCisreplacingastheconventionalmachine.)
Bycomparison,theCNCequivalentforadrillpress(possiblyaCNCmachiningcenterorCNCdrilling&
tappingcenter)canbeprogrammedtoperformthisoperationinamuchmoreautomaticfashion.EverythingthatthedrillpressoperatorwasdoingmanuallywillnowbedonebytheCNCmachine,including:
placingthedrillinthespindle,activatingthespindle,positioningtheworkpieceunderthedrill,machiningthehole,andturningoffthespindle.
HowCNCworks
Asyoumightalreadyhaveguessed,everythingthatanoperatorwouldberequiredtodowithconventionalmachinetoolsisprogrammablewithCNCmachines.Oncethemachineissetupandrunning,aCNCmachineisquitesimpletokeeprunning.InfactCNCoperatorstendtogetquiteboredduringlengthyproductionrunsbecausethereissolittletodo.WithsomeCNCmachines,someofthespecificprogrammablefunctions.
Motioncontrol
AllCNCmachinetypessharethiscommonalty:
Theyallhavetwoormoreprogrammabledirectionsofmotioncalledaxes.Anaxisofmotioncanbelinear(alongastraightline)orrotary(alongacircularpath).OneofthefirstspecificationsthatimplyaCNCmachine'
scomplexityishowmanyaxesithas.Generallyspeaking,themoreaxes,themorecomplexthemachine.
TheaxesofanyCNCmachinearerequiredforthepurposeofcausingthemotionsneededforthemanufacturingprocess.Inthedrillingexample,theseaxeswouldpositionthentoolovertheholetobemachined(intwoaxes)andmachinethehole(withthethirdaxis).Axesarenamedwithletters.CommonlinearaxisnamedX,Y,andZ.CommonrotarynamesareA,B,andC.Therearerelatedtothecoordinatesystem.
Programmableaccessories
ACNCmachinewouldn'
tbeveryhelpfulifallitcouldonlymovetheworkpieceintwoormoreaxes.AlmostallCNCmachinesareprogrammableinseveralotherways.ThespecificCNCmachinetypehasalottodowithitsappropriateprogrammableaccessories.Again,anyrequiredfunctionwillbeprogrammableonfull-blownCNCmachinetools.Herearesomeexamplesforonemachinetype(machiningcenters).
Automatictoolchanger
Mostmachiningcenterscanholdmanytoolsinatoolmagazine.Whenrequired,therequiredtoolcanbeautomaticallyplacedinspindleformachining.
Spindlespeedandactivation
Thespindlespeed(inrevolutionsperminute)canbeeasilyspecifiedandthespindlecanbeturnedoninaforwardorreversedirection.Itcanalso,ofcourse,beturnedoff.
Coolant
Manymachiningoperationsrequirecoolantforlubricationandcoolingpurposes.Coolantcanbeturnedonandofffromwithinthemachinecycle.
TheCNCprogram
Thinkofgivinganyseriesofstep-by-stepinstructions.ACNCprogramisnothingmorethananotherkindofinstructionset.It'
swritteninsentence-likeformatandthecontrolwillexecuteitinsequentialorder,stepbystep.
AspecialseriesofCNCwordsareusedtocommunicatewhatthemachineisintendedtodo.CNCwordsbeginwithletteraddress(likeFforfeedrate,Sforspindlespeed,andX,Y,andZforaxismotion).Whenplacedtogetherinalogicalmethod,agroupofCNCwordsmakeupac
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