员工激励外文翻译Word格式文档下载.docx

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Title:

Meetingemployeeerequirements:

Maslow'

shierarchyofneedsisstillareliableguidetomotivatingstaff.

MaterialSource:

IndustrialEngineerOct2011Author:

SADRI,GOLNAZBOWEN,R.CLARKE.

Motivationrelatestoarangeofpsychologicalprocessesthatguideanindividualtowardagoalandcausethatpersontokeeppursuingthatgoal.Motivationoftenisdescribedintermsofdirection（thechoiceofoneactivityoveranother）,intensity（howhardanemployeetries）andpersistence（howlonganemployeecontinueswithabehavior,eveninthefaceofobstaclesoradversecircumstances）.Motivatedemployeesworkharder,producehigherqualityandgreaterquantitiesofwork,aremorelikelytoengageinorganizationalcitizenshipbehaviors,andarelesslikelytoleavetheorganizationinsearchofmorefulfillingopportunities.

Competitionbycompaniestoattractthemosttalentedindividualshasgivenemployeesthepowertodemandmorethanjustareasonablewageorsalary,andthereisevidencethatcompaniesarestartingtolisten.Arecentsurveyshowedthatsalaryhadonlya20percentimpactonjobsatisfaction.Employeesneedarangeofmotivatorsinordertoremainengagedintheirwork.Inresponsetothisdemand,employersarelookingathowtosatisfytheiremployeesonbothanextrinsic,financiallevelaswellasanintrinsic,psychologicallevel.

ResearchconductedbytheEmployeeBenefitResearchInstitute（EBRI）foundthatin2004,92percentofemployerspendingfortotalcompensationwasonwagesandsalaries;

however,thefollowingyearspendingonwagesfellto81percent.Inbalancingmonetary（extrinsic）andnonmonetary（intrinsic）incentives,companiesusediversemotivatorsrangingfromcompetitivemonetarycompensationandhealthinsurancepackagestoconciergeservicesandnaptimes.Thecontinuousendeavoristobecreativeindesigningabenefitspackagethatattractsandretainsqualityemployees.

ThetheoryofMaslow’shierarchyofneedscanbeusedasaframeworktoidentifythevariousbenefitsorganizationscanoffertosatisfytheiremployees’needsand,inturn,increaserevenuesandreduceexpenses.PsychologyprofessorAbrahamMaslow’stheory,proposedin1943,identifiesthefivebasichumanneedsthatunderlieallhumanactivity.

Fundamentalbehavior

Maslow’shierarchyofneedsisoneofthefundamentaltheoriesofpersonalmotivation.Thetheorycanhelporganizationsdesignprogramstomotivatetheiremployees,retainemployeeloyalty,reduceturnover,recruitqualityindividualsandultimatelyincreaseproductivityandnetincome.A.KinickiandR.Kreitner,intheirbookOrganizationalBehavior,identifyanddefinethefivebasichumanneedsthatcompriseMaslow’shierarchy.Thefivehumanneeds,presentedinhierarchicalorderfromthemostbasictothemostadvanced,arephysiological,safety,love/belonging,esteemandself-actualization.

AccordingtoMaslow,eachneedhastobesatisfiedsubstantiallyinorderforanindividualtoprogresstothenextlevel.Managersareabletomotivatetheiremployeesbyprovidingrewardsthathelpsatisfytheneedthatisoperationalandprevalentatanypointintime.Onceaneedhasbeensatisfiedsubstantially,itceasestobeamotivator.Then,employeesmovetothenextlevelintheneedhierarchyandworkonsatisfyingthoseneeds.

1.Physiologicalneeds

Maslowdefinedthephysiologicalneedasthemostbasic.Itincludestheneedforfood,air,waterandshelteraswellastheneedtobeactive,torestandtosleep.Themostobviousmotivationaliteminthiscategoryismonetarycompensation,whichincludeswagesandsalaries,bonuses,stockoptionsandretirementplans.Wagesandsalariesmakeupabout80percentofwhatcompaniesspendtocompensatetheiremployees.Manyindividualswouldlistsalaryasoneofthemostimportantfactorswhenconsideringajob.Moneyisavitalpartofemployees’rewardpackagesandhelpsfulfillthebulkoftheirphysiologicalneeds.Food,clothingandaplacetolivecanbeobtainedwiththewageorsalaryapersonearns.

Providingacomfortableworkenvironmentalsohelpssatisfyphysiologicalneeds.Cleanandfreshairtobreatheandanergonomicworkspace,keyboardandmousecanhelpemployeesperformwithoutdistractionandkeepthemmotivated.Otherbenefitsofferedtosatisfyemployees’physiologicalneedsarefreeorsubsidizedcafeterias,regularbreaktimesandbreakroomsstockedwithdrinksandfood.

Manycompaniesprovidefreefoodfortheiremployeessothattheyaresatisfiedonthislevelandabletoengagemorefullyintheirworkplaceactivities.Forexample,A.LashinskyinFortunedescribesGoogle’s11gourmetcafeteriasatitsMountainView,Calif.,headquarterswhereemployeescaneatforfree.Otherfree（andsubsidized）perksthatcompaniesprovideincludecarwashes,laundryanddrycleaningfacilities,onsitegyms,exer