财务会计英文版课后习题答案Ch15Word下载.docx

财务会计英文版课后习题答案Ch15Word下载.docx

《财务会计英文版课后习题答案Ch15Word下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《财务会计英文版课后习题答案Ch15Word下载.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

财务会计英文版课后习题答案Ch15@#@CHAPTER15@#@DISCUSSIONQUESTIONS@#@1.DonaldsonBrowndevelopedtheideaofusingthereturnoninvestment（ROI）formulatoevaluatethefinancialperformanceofthedifferentdivisionsofacompany.Thisideawasrevolutionarybecauseitcametobewidelyusedbymanagementindiscoveringandanalyzingproblemsacrosslargeanddiverseorganizations.Itcontinuestobeheavilyusedtodayasavaluablemanagementtoolinanyindustry.@#@2.Managementaccountingprovidesmanytoolsthatenablemanagerstoaccuratelyanalyzeandevaluatecompanyperformance.Thesetoolsenablemanagerstopinpointproblems.Oncemanagersidentifyproblems,theycanplanandimplementstrategiestofixtheproblemsandgainacompetitiveadvantage.Also,anunderstandingofthevariouscostconceptsallowsmanagerstomakecorrectcostingandpricingdecisions,whichcanresultinagreatcompetitiveadvantage.@#@3.Managementaccountinginformationcanhelpcompaniestobecompetitiveandprofitablebecauseithelpsmanagersunderstandproductcostsandothercostsandhowchangesinvolume,prices,andotherfactorswillaffectprofitability.Withmoreaccurateinformation,managementknowswheretocutcosts,whereproductivityshouldbeincreased,andsoforth.@#@4.Managers（internaldecisionmakers）usedifferenttypesofaccountinginformationthandoinvestorsorcreditors（outsidedecisionmakers）partlybecausetheymakedifferenttypesofdecisions.Moreimportantly,managementaccountingprovidesmuchmoredetailedandproprietaryinformationtocompanymanagerscomparedtotheinformationprovidedbyfinancialaccountingtooutsideinvestorsandcreditors.Manyexamplescanbeusedtoillustratethedifferencesbetweenfinancialandmanagementaccounting.Twomajordifferences—timefocusandsegments—arediscussedindetailhere.Managerswillspendalotofeffortprojectingtheprofitabilityof@#@potentialdecisionsonsalesbyassessingtheimpactofvariableandfixedcosts（suchasadvertisingexpenditures）.Ontheotherhand,aninvestordoesn’thaveaccesstovariableandfixedcostdataandsowillanalyzethesalestrendinprioryears'@#@incomestatements（pasttimefocus）toevaluatethecompany'@#@sgrowthpotential.Amanagerwouldneedtoknowtheprojectedsalesofaparticularproduct（segment）todecidehowmanyunitstopurchaseorproduce,whileaninvestorwouldbeinterestedintotalsales（wholeorganization）tocomparethecompanytoothersintheindustry.@#@5.Wewoulddisagreewiththestatementfortworeasons.First,managersrealizethatoutsideinvestorsandcreditorsmakeinvestmentandlendingdecisionsbasedinpartuponthesefinancialstatements.Iftheorganizationneedstoraisecapital,itsfinancialperformance（asmeasuredbythesestatements）mustbefavorable.Second,externalfinancialstatementsarealsosignalsformanagementaction.Ifprofitsarefallingordebtisbecomingtoohighasapercentageoftotalequity,managementmustdecideonacourseofactiontoimprovefutureperformance（asmeasuredbythesefinancialstatements）.@#@6.Externalusersoffinancialstatementsneedassurancethatthestatementswerepreparedusingconsistentmeasurements.Theadherencetogenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciples（GAAP）inthepreparationofthestatementshelpstoassuretheuserthatthisyear'@#@sstatementsarepreparedonabasisconsistentwiththatoflastyear'@#@s.Also,followingGAAPhelpstheusertojudgewhetheronecompany'@#@sperformanceiscomparablewithanothercompany'@#@s.Internalusersarelessconcernedaboutcomparingtheircompany'@#@sperformancewiththatofothercompanies.Asapracticalmatter,sufficientlydetailedoperatinginformationonothercompaniesisgenerallynotavailabletofacilitatethecomparisonsmanagementmightliketomake.Further,sincemanagerscanrequestinternalinformationfollowingacustomizedformat,theyareobviouslylessconcernedthatreportformatsareconsistentacrossdifferentdecisions.Forexample,amanagercouldrequestthattheinventoryofeachsegmentberevaluedatcurrentreplacementcost.Suchaninternalreportwouldbelabeledwiththeappropriateassumptions,andthemanagerwouldknowthatthemeasurementhadbeenadaptedinordertoberelevanttotheneedsofaparticulardecision.@#@7.Planningisdefinedasoutliningtheactivitiesthatneedtobeperformedforanorganizationtoachieveitsobjectives.Planningconsistsofrecognizingneedsand/oropportunities,identifyingandevaluatingthealternatives,andimplementingdecisions.@#@Controllingisdefinedasmonitoringtheexecutionofplans.Controllingconsistsofestablishingexpectations,creatingperformancemeasures,gatheringresults,andcomputingvariances.@#@Evaluatingconsistsofanalyzingtheresultsofaproject,providingfeedbacktothosewhoparticipatedintheproject,andrewardingperformance.Afterevaluatingprojects