定语从句全掌握Word下载.docx
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定语从句全掌握Word下载.docx
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that(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语;
可指人或物),which(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语或定语;
只可指物),who(主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;
只可指人),whom(宾格,在从句中作宾语;
只可指人),whose(属格,在从句中作定语,可指人或物),as(在从句中作主语,宾语,表语;
可指人或物,通常指代事);
but(文语,置于否定词之后=that/who…not…,"
没有……不……"
在从句中作主语,宾语)
常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语):
when(时间状语),why(原因状语),where(地点状语),how(方式状语)
(4)句子成分:
主语---谓语动词前;
宾语-介宾或及物动词的宾语;
表语-be动词后或系动词后;
状语-时间状语、地点状语、原因状语,etc.
例如:
1.ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.(Who做关系代词引导定语从句,修饰先行词student,who在从句中用作主语.)
2.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.(Why做关系副词,修饰先行词reason,why在从句中作原因状语.)
3.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.(Whom做关系代词,修饰先行词boy,whom在从句中作宾语.)
4.I'
dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.(Whose做关系代词,修饰先行词room,whose在从句中用作定语,可代之以ofwhich)
定语从句三步:
第一找出先行词;
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);
第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法:
一、that:
可指人或物;
在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;
指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;
不可置于介词后作宾语)如:
1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)
2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?
3.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.(宾语)
4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?
5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.
6.She'
snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.(表语)
7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.
二、which:
指物;
在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。
如:
1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.(主语)
2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(宾语)
3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.
4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.(表语)
5.Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.(定语)
6.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.
三、who,whom,whose:
who:
主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;
只可指人
whom:
宾格,在从句中作宾语;
whose:
属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。
1.Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.(主语)
2.Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)
3.Chaplin,forwhomlifehadoncebeenveryhard,wasasuccessasanactor.(宾语)
4.He'
samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'
saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.
比较:
Heisthestudentwhomyouthinktobeworthyofyourpraise.
Heisthestudentwhoyouthinkisworthpraising.
5.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(指人)
I'
dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.(指物)=I'
dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.=I'
dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.
ThereisateapotshapedlikeaChineseduck,outofwhosemouthteaissupposedtocome
关系代词作介词宾语:
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时,介词必须放在句末.)如:
1.Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.
=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.
2.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands?
=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?
3.Thebeginningofagriculturewasabigstepinhumanprogresswithwhichnothingcouldcompareuntilourinformationage.
4.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'
tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.
Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?
Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?
5.Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.(介词after与look构成固定词组,不可前置。
再如:
lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等)
四、as的用法:
(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)
(1)如为限制性的,多用于thesame…as;
thesameas;
such…as…;
asmany/muchas;
so…as等结构中。
1.Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。
Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.(关系代词as和指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语,先行词是same.)
2.---Whydidn'
tyoumentionthatinfaceofthepolicejustnow?
---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.
Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblemsashavesomethingtodowithourowninterests.
Don'
tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.
Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.
Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.
I'
mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.
Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句)
Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)
(2)如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"
正如,这一点"
。
(动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)
1.Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.(as作宾语)
=Asisknowntoall,smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.(as作主语)
=It'
sknowntoallthatsmokingisharmfultoone'
shealth.
或:
Smokingisharmfultoone'
shealth,asweallknow.(as作宾语)
Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'
health.
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