大学英语四级考试真题②云南新华电脑学院Word文件下载.docx
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大学英语四级考试真题②云南新华电脑学院Word文件下载.docx
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Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I'
vedoneithundredsoftimes."
Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentencewiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
WhyIntegrityMatters
WhatIsIntegrity?
Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachandeveryday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical(道德上的)standardsevenwhenmakinglife'
shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.
Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?
Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapse(缺失)ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?
Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.
RiskyBusiness
Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision,makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedidandthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.
Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'
tseetheriskswe'
retaking,wecan'
tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'
tknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism(剽窃)mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"
unintentional"
doesnotexcusethemisconduct,Ignoranceisnotadefense.
"
ButEverybodyDoesIt"
Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbutmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'
retakingbyusingexcuses:
"
Everyoneelsedoesit."
I'
mnothurtinganyone"
or"
Ireallyneedthisgrade."
Excusescangetveryelaborate:
IknowI'
mlookatanother'
sexam,eventhoughI'
msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'
snotcheatingbecauseI’mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."
Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'
renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'
tseetherealchoicewe'
remaking-andthatleadstobaddecisions.
Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:
Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryoreshoulder.Ifyou'
dratherhideyouractions,that'
sanindicationthatyou'
retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.
EvaluatingRisks
Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmolatebenefitsandsimplyhaven'
tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludea"
O"
onatestorassignment,an"
F"
intheclass,suspension(暂令停学)ordismissalfromschoolandaruinedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable(脆弱的)position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'
tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.
GettingAwaywithit-OrNot
Thosewhodon'
tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'
tlearnfromthetest,whichdeprives(剥夺)himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:
thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidofgettingcaught.
Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'
tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"
easier."
Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodi
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