英汉语比较研究Word文档格式.docx
- 文档编号:15713504
- 上传时间:2022-11-15
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:57
- 大小:92.98KB
英汉语比较研究Word文档格式.docx
《英汉语比较研究Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英汉语比较研究Word文档格式.docx(57页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
phoneticallyandphonologically.Byphoneticswemeanthestudyoftheinventoryofsoundsinlanguageingeneral,andofhowtheyproduced(articulatoryphonetics)andperceived(acousticphonetics).Byphonologywemeanthestudyofhowsoundsorganizedinaparticularlanguage,thatis,whichsoundscanbedistinctiveinalanguage,inwhatpositiontheymayoccur,andwhattypesofautomaticvariantsofasoundarepossible.Andalsothetermisusedtorefertothesystemofsoundpatternsinalanguage.
Theproductionofanyspeechsoundinvolvestheprojectionoftheairstreamfromthelungsthroughthemouthand/orthenose.Initspassage,theairstreamisshapedinvariouswaysbytongueandjawmovements.Itmaybemomentarilyinterruptedornotinterruptedatall.Itmaybemadetovibratealotoralittlebythevocalcords.Wewilldiscussthebasicarticulatoryfeaturesofconsonantsandvowelsofbothlanguagestoshowtheirdifferences.
1.1DifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishConsonants
Itiscustomarytoclassifyconsonantsaccordingtoplaceofarticulationandmannerofarticulation.Theplacesinvolvebothlips:
theupperandlowerlips(labials:
p,b,m);
thelowerlipandupperteeth(labio-dentals:
f,v)Othersoundsareproducedbythetonguebetweentheteeth(inter-dental:
th);
bymovementofthetonguetowardthehardridgeimmediatelybehindthefrontteeth(alveolars:
t,d,s,z);
bymovementofthetonguetowardthehardpalatebehindthealveolarridge(palatals:
sh,ch);
bymovementofthetonguetowardthesoftpalate(velars:
k,g,ng).
Mannerofarticulationinvolvespresenceorabsenceofvoicingandofnasality,aswellasdegreeofobstruction.Acomparativestudyshowsthetwolanguagesdifferinconsonantsinthefollowingways.
1)WhenpronouncedisolatedlytheChineseconsonantsarecombinedwithvowelswhiletheEnglishonesarenot:
b-o玻p-o坡m-o磨f-o佛
d-e得t-e特n-e讷l-e勒g-e格k-e克h-e喝
j-i机q-i其x-i西
2)Thedifferencesbetweenlabials:
Almostnaught
3)Thedifferencesbetweenthelabio-dentals:
/f/(Chinese)—theteethrightonthetopofthelowerlip
/f/(English)—theteethontheinnersideofthelowerlip
/v/--nosuchavoicedconsonantinChinese
4)Thedifferencesbetweentheinterdentals:
//and/ð
/--nosuchsoundsinChinese
5)Thedifferencesbetweenalveolars:
TheChinese/s/canmakeasyllable:
思,四,斯;
Thereisno/z/inChineseasafrictivebutanaffrictivethatsoundssomewhatliketheEnglishconsonantcluster/dz/:
资,自;
Thereisno/c/inEnglish,whichsoundsliketheEnglishconsonantcluster/ts/:
次,此;
6)Thedifferencesbetweenpalatals
Bothlanguageshave//(sh)butthepositionsaredifferent;
TheChinese/r/soundliketheEnglish//,whiletheEnglish/r/isproducedasaliquid.
7)Thedifferencesbetweenvelars
Thereisapalatal/h/inChinese(喝,河,和),whiletheEnglish/h/isaglotal(hot,hard);
Bothlanguageshave/t/(ch)and/d/(zh),butthepositionsaredifferent.
1.2TheDifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseVowels
Avowelisaspeechsoundinwhichthebreathisletoutwithoutanystoporanyclosingoftheairpassageorthroatthatcanbeheard.Acomparativesutdyofthetwolanguagesshowsgreatdifferencesinproducingtheirvowels.
1)TheEnglishsinglevowelsaredividedintothree:
Frontvowels:
/i:
/;
/i/;
/e/;
//;
Centralvowels:
/:
//;
/^/;
Backvowels:
/u:
/u/;
/:
/a:
TheChinesevowelsareclassifiedaccordingtotheshapeofthelips:
Openvowels:
/o/;
/e/;
Dentalvowels:
/ia/;
/ie/;
Closevowels/u/;
/ua/;
Protrudedvowels:
/e/.
2)Thedifferencesbetweendiphthongs
TheChinesediphthongsare/ei/;
/ao/;
/ou/;
/ai/;
/iao/;
iou/;
/uai/;
/uei/.
ButtheEnglishdiphthongsfallinto:
Closediphthongs:
/ei/;
/au/;
Centraldiphthongs:
/i/;
//;
//.
3)TheEnglishlanguagehasnonasalvowelsbuttheChineselanguagehassixteen:
anianuanuan
eninuenun
ang
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英汉 比较 研究