00专8答案Word文档下载推荐.docx

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听力原文

PARTⅠLISTENINGCOMPREHENSION

SECTIONATALK

TheearliestlibrariesexistedthousandsofyearsagoinChinaandEgyptwherecollectionsofrecordsontabletsofbakedclaywerekeptintemplesandroyalpalaces.Inthewesternworld,librarieswerefirstestablishedisAncientGreece.Forexample,Aristotleoncehadaresearchlibraryinthe3rdcenturyB.C

.ThefirstlibraryintheUnitesStateswasaprivatelibrary,whichcouldonlybeusedbyauthorizedreaders.In1633,JohnHarvardgavemoneyandmorethan300bookstoanewly-establishedcollegeinMassachusetts.Inreturnforhisgenerosity,thelegislaturevotedtheschoolbenamedHarvardCollege.Thelibrariantheresetrulesforthenewlibrary.Onlycollegestudentsandfacultymemberscouldusethebooks.Nobookcouldbelentformorethanonemonth.

TheearliestpubliclibrarywasestablishedinPhiladelphiain1731.Althoughthislibrarywasopentoeveryone,allreadershadtopayamembershiporsubscriptionfeeinordertoborrowbooks.Veryfewsubscriptionlibrariesexisttoday.Somebookandstationarystoresmaintainsmallrentallibraries,whereanyonemayborrowbooksforadailycharge.ThefirsttrulyfreepubliclibrarythatcirculatedbookstoeveryoneatnocostwasstartedatasmallNewEnglandtownin1833.Today,therearemorethan7,000freepubliclibrariesthroughouttheUS.Theycontainabout160millionbookswhichwerecirculatedtoover52millionreaders.

Historically,themajorpurposeoffreepubliclibrarieswaseducational.Theywereexpectedtoprovideadultswiththeopportunitytocontinuetheireducationaftertheyleftschool.Sothefunctionofpubliclibrarywasoncedescribedas“lessreservoirthanafountain”.Inotherwords,emphasiswastobeplacedonwidecirculationratherthanoncollectingandstoringbooks.Overtheyearspubliclibraryserviceshavegreatlyexpanded.Inadditiontotheircontinuingandimportanteducationalrole,publiclibrariesprovidecultureandrecreation,andtheyaretryingtofillmanychangingcommunityneeds.Mostlibrariesofferbrowsingroomswherereaderscanrelaxoncomfortablechairsandreadcurrentnewspapersandmagazines.Manyalsocirculatemusicrecords.Libraryprogramsoffilms,lectures,readingclubs,andconcertsalsoattractlibraryusers.Inadditiontobooks,records,periodicals,andreferencematerial,librariesprovidetechnicalinformationsuchasbooksandpamphletsongardening,carpentryandotherspecializedfieldsofinterests.ThelargestpubliclibraryintheUSistheLibraryofCongress.Itwasoriginallyplannedasthereferencelibraryforthefederallegislature.Todayinadditiontothatimportantfunction,itservesasthereferencelibraryforthepublic,andsendsoutmanybookstootherlibrariesoninter-library-loansystem.

Unlikefreepubiclibraries,whichopentoeveryone,privatelibrariescanbeusedonlybyauthorizedreaders.Manyindustrialandscientificorganizationsandbusinessfirmshavecollectionsofbooks,journalsandresearchdatafortheirstaffs.Severalprivatehistoricalassociationshaveresearchcollectionsofspecialinteresttotheirmembers.Inaddition,manyelementaryandsecondaryschoolsoperatelibrariesforusebystudentsandteachers.Prisonsandhospitalsmaintainlibrariestoo.Thelargestandthemostimportantprivatelibrariesareoperatedbycollegesanduniversities,andaxeusedbystudents,facultymembers,andoccasionallybyvisitingscholars.Manyuniversitieshavespeciallibrariesforresearchinparticularfields,suchaslaw,medicineandeducation.Recentsurveysreportthatmerethan300millionbooksareavailableintheseacademiclibrariesandtheyareregularlyusedbyover8millionstudents.

SECTIONBINTERVIEW

（I:

InterviewerN:

Nancy）

I:

Hello,Nancy,Iknowyouareoneofafewwomentaxidriversinthecitynow,andyoudriveforaliving.Whatmadeyouwanttobeacommontaxidriverinthefirstplace?

N:

Itookprideindrivingwell,evenwhenIwasyoungforIhavetowaituntilIhaveacartolearntodrive.WhenIfinallylearned,itwassomethingIreallyenjoyedandstillenjoy.Irememberhowsmartthosetaxidrivershaveseemeddrivingsowell,anddressedsoneatlyintheiruniforms.IthoughtI’dliketodothatmyself.

Youreallyenjoydriving,Isee.Andhowlonghaveyoubeenataxidriver?

Eh,altogether12years.

Mm,it’sbeenquitesometimealready,hasn’tit?

Yeah.

Then,whatdidyoufindthemostdifficultaboutbecomingataxidriver?

IcanstillrememberwhenIwasfirstlearningtodrive.ItwasscaryIdidn’tknowyethowtojudgedistance.Andwhenabigtruckcamenear,itseemedlikeawheelwasjustcomingrightoverme.Anyway,soonIlearnedtojudgedistance.Ibeganto