四级真题Word下载.docx
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四级真题Word下载.docx
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Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestion1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
That'
senough,kids
ItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground.
"
I'
dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe'
dshoved."
shesays,"
Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,'
No,wedon'
tpush.'
Whathappenednextwasunexpected.
Theboy'
smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark."
Stellasays."
Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologise,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefor'
discipliningherchild'
.AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviourwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?
Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople'
schildrenhasbecomeaminefield
Inmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister'
shouseit'
sencouraged.Forher,it'
saboutkidsbeingkids:
Ifyoucan'
tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?
Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt'
shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying"
no"
alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That'
sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou'
retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances.
Kidsaren'
tallraisedthesame."
agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity."
Butthere'
sstillanideathatthey'
rethepropertyoftheparents.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou'
resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat'
ssomehowacriticismofme."
Inthosecircumstances,it'
sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought.
dgotothefirst."
saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids,"
Usuallyaquietreminderthat'
wedon'
tdothathere'
isenough.Kidshavefinelytunedantennae(直觉)forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings."
Hepointsoutthatbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.
ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst."
Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey'
rethereandaskthemtodealwithit."
shesays.
****howtoapproachaparentinthissituation.PsychologistMeredithFulleranswers:
"
Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:
'
Iknowyou'
llthinkI'
msillybutinmyhouseIdon'
twant...'
Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou'
reearringforanotherchild.Whiteisstraightforward:
Commonsensemuseprevail.Ifthingsdon'
tgowellthenhaveachat."
There'
reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate."
Nowyoucan'
tdoitwithoutfeelinguneasyaboutit."
Whitesays.
Menmightalsofeeluneasyaboutdealingwithotherpeople'
schildren."
Menfeelnervous,"
Whitesays."
Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren."
ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centrednatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone."
Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday'
sparentsweregrowingup,"
hesays."
Adultsarescaredofsaying,'
Don'
tswear'
oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They'
reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout-eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents."
Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy(礼貌),andsaysthatadultssufferfromitasmuchaschildren.
MeredithFulleragrees,"
Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou'
relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast."
It'
saboutwhatI'
mdoinganwhatIneed,"
AndrewFullersays."
Thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,'
Igotintotrouble'
anddadsaid,'
Youprobablydeservedit'
areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers."
Thisjumpingtoourchildren'
sdefenseispartofwhatfuelsthe"
walkingoneggshells"
feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople'
schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate(劝诫)withthechild,you'
regoingtohavetodealwiththeparents.
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