英文文献阅读PPT推荐.ppt
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英文文献阅读PPT推荐.ppt
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IF:
6.198Publication:
June2017Globalpatternsandtrendsinstomachcancerincidence:
Age,periodandbirthcohortanalysisGanfengLuo,YantingZhang,PiGuo,LiWang,YuanweiHuangandKeLiDepartmentofPublicHealth,ShantouUniversityMedicalCollege,Shantou,Guangdong51504111.Purposeandbackgroud2.MaterialandMethods3.Results4.Discussion21.PurposeandbackgroudPurpose(目的):
TheaimofthisstudywastoprovideaglobalgeographicalpictureofSCincidenceandtemporaltrendsfrom1978to2007for38countriesprovidingdata,withanemphasisoncountry-andsex-specificdifferences.3Backgroud(背景):
(1)SCisthethirdleadingcauseofcancerdeathandthefifthmostcommoncancerworldwide.Theabsolutenumberofnewcasesperyearisstillincreasing,causingabout1millionnewcasesin2012andrepresenting7%ofallcancers.
(2)TheSCincidencevariesgreatlybygeographyandsex(地理和性别).Geographically,almosttwo-thirdsofallSCcasesoccurinAsia(specificallyJapanandChina);
Sex-specificanalysisisalsocriticalforviewingtrendsandassociationsinepidemiology,especiallyinSC,oneofthemostcancersinwhichtheincidenceiswellknowntodifferbetweenthesexes.4(3)H.pylori(幽门螺杆菌)infectionisconsideredthemostimportantriskfactorofSC.However,SCdevelopmentcannotbeexplainedbyinfectionwithH.pylorialone,becauseSCdevelopsinonlyasmallproportionofpeoplewiththeinfection,between2%and5%.Therealsomightexitsomepotentialriskfactorswhichwestillcouldnotrecognize.(饮食、腌制食品、蔬菜水果、冰箱普及率)(4)Toevaluatetheeffectsofage,periodandbirthcohortontemporaltrends(时间趋势),modernanalysismethodsarebasedonage-period-cohortmodels(年龄-时期-队列模型),splittingthetemporalvariationsintothethreecomponentsofage,periodandbirthcohort.Inparticular,theeffectofbirthcohortmaybesignificantforgainingfurtherinsightintounderlyingcausalfactors.5Datasources:
(http:
/ci5.iarc.fr),theCancerIncidenceFiveContinents;
/invs.santepubliquefrance.fr),(http:
/ganjoho.jp);
19countries;
Theremaining19countrieswithmorethanonecancerregistry;
Casesandpopulationdataofallregistrieswerepooledtoensurethelargestgeographiccoverageandobtainestimatednationalproportions.Atotalof38countriesworldwidewereincludedfromAfrica,Asia,Europe,theAmericasandOceania.Thesefivecontinentsweredividedinto11regions.(5大洲,11个区域,38个国家)2.MaterialandMethods6Methods:
FigureswereplottedbyusingSigmaPlotv12.5.ProducingtheJoinpointregressionmodelsinvolveduseoftheJoinpointRegressionProgramv4.3.1.0.TheageperiodcohortmodelanalysesandgraphsinvolveduseofAPCfitinStatav13(StataCorpLP,CollegeStation,TX).7Sexdisparities(M:
F=1.53)exceptforUganda(M:
F=1.3)JapanwithhighestrateFrancewithgreatestsex(M:
F=2.7)3.Results8
(1)In20032007,SCincidencewashighestinEasternAsianandSouthAmericancountriesandlowestinSouth-WesternAsia,WesternEuropeanandOce-anacountries.
(2)Rateswereheterogeneouswithin11regions,rangingfrom6.1intheUnitedStatesto26.5inCostaRica(哥斯达黎加)formalesandfrom3.0intheUnitedStatesto15.0inCostaRicaforfemales.9(3)Formales,exceptforUgan-dainAfrica,allcountriesshow-edfavorabledecreasingtrends(19782007).Austria(奥地利)hadlargestdecresingtrends;
JapanandIsraelhadonlyslight-lydecreasingtrends,sodidfemales.1011EuropecountriesIncidenceratesformostagegroupsuniformlydecreasedinsuccessivemaleandfemalebirthcohortsinmostcountries.(出生队列:
19001980年;
年龄段:
2584岁,5岁一组,12组;
non-Europecountries)1213EuropecountriesCohort-specificIRRsrapidlydecreasedwithsuccessivebirthcohortsinmostcountries,whereasIRRsamongrecentgenerationsplateauedinAustralia,Canada,CostaRica(哥斯达黎加),Denmark,Germany,India,IsraelandevenincreasedinBrazil,Colombia,Iceland,NewZealand,Norway,UgandaandforUSwhitepeople.14non-Europecountries4.DiscussionDisparitiesintheincidenceandriskofSCpersistacrosscountriesandregionsworldwide.ThehighestratesoccurredinJapan,RussiaandCostaRicaformalesandinJapan,CostaRicaandEcuadorforfemales.ExceptforUgandainAfrica,allcountriesshowedfavorabletrendsbetween1978and2007forbothsexes.在1978到2007年,全球各国家和地区的SC发病率和风险存在差异。
男性最高比率发生在日本、俄罗斯和哥斯达黎加;
女性为日本、哥斯达黎加和厄瓜多尔。
除非洲的乌干达,所有国家两性之间胃癌发生率呈现出良好的下降趋势。
15
(1)Somemeta-analysisindicatedthattherelativeriskofSCdevelopingduesmokingwas1.62formalesand1.2forfemales.andheavyalcoholdrinking(4drinksperday:
RR1.2).ThelowerSCincidenceforwomenthanmenmaybedueinparttotheirlowerexposuretoriskfactors.However,forexample,Ecuador,Finland,philippines,thailandandUganda,theratesinfemalesareclosetothoseformales.Theexplanationforthesesimilarratesinmalesandfemalesisnotclearbutmaysuggestthepresenceofunidentifiedriskfactors.Meta分析表明,胃癌发展的相对风险比,吸烟,男性为1.62和女性为1.2;
酗酒(每天四杯以上:
RR1.2)。
胃癌发病率女性比男性低部分原因是由于其较低的风险因素暴露。
然而,在厄瓜多尔、芬兰、菲律
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