精神活性物质所致精神障碍(英文)优质PPT.ppt
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精神活性物质所致精神障碍(英文)优质PPT.ppt
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精神病学精神病学PsychoactiveSubstanceRelatedDisordersWeiHao,MD.,Ph.D.Terminologysubstance,drugaddictiondependenceabusetolerancewithdrawalsyndromeSubstancesSubstancesSubstanceisagroupofchemicalsthatcanalterhumanmindandbehaviors.Theword“substance”isgenerallypreferabletotheword“drug”.InDSM-III-Rsystem,“drug”isalsocalled“psychoactivesubstances”,buttheDSM-IVreferstothemsimplyas“substance”.Illicitdrugsaredefinedasagroupofsubstancescontrolledbyinternationalandnationallaws,usedfornon-medicalpurpose,includingopiate,cocaine,amphetaminetypestimulants(ATSs),cannabis,hallucinogens,etc.AddictionThetermaddictiondescribesabraindisorder,withprogressive,chronic,relapsingcharacteristicsthatgenerallyinvolvesthecompulsion,lossofcontrol,andcontinuedusesubstance,despiteadverseconsequences.DependenceBasically,twoconceptshavebeeninvokedregardingthedefinitionofdependence:
@#@Psychologicaldependence:
@#@craving,compulsivelysubstance-seekingactivitiesandrelatedevidenceofpathologicalusepatterns.Physicaldependence:
@#@toleranceorwithdrawal.ToleranceToleranceAfterrepeatedexposuretodrug,individualsrequirealargerdosetoproduceintoxicationofthemagnitudethatwasexperiencedwhenthedrugwasfirstadministered.Aneedformarkedlyincreasedamountsofthesubstancestoachieveintoxicationordesiredeffect;@#@Markedlydiminishedeffectwithcontinueduseofthesameamountofthesubstance.WithdrawalSyndromeWithdrawalSyndromeAsubstance-specificsyndromeoccurredupondiscontinuationorreductionofchronicadministrationofanysubstance(oradministrationofaspecificantagonist);@#@Thesyndromeischaracterizedbyaspectrumofsignsandsymptomsthataregenerallyoppositetothoseofpharmacologicaleffects;@#@Thesubstance-specificsyndromecausesclinicallysignificantdistressorimpairmentinsocial,occupational,orotherimportantareasoffunctioning.AbuseAmaladaptivepatternofsubstanceuseleadingtosignificantadverseconsequences,suchasimpairmentordistress.Theremayberepeatedfailuretofulfillmajorroleobligations,repeateduseinsituationsinwhichitisphysicallyhazardous,multiplelegalproblems,andrecurrentsocialandinterpersonalproblemsMajorClassesofSubstancesMajorClassesofSubstancesClassCommonexamplesAlcoholBeer,wine,whiskey,vodka,gin,spiritsAmphetaminetypestimulants(ATSs)Amphetamine,methamphetamine,dietpills,ecstasyCaffeineCoffee,tea,CocaineCocaleavesorpaste,cocainealkaloid(crack)CannabisMarijuana,hashish,THCHallucinogensLSD,mescalineNicotineCigarettes,cigarOpiatesHeroin,morphine,codeine,buprenorphine,methadoneSedatives,hypnotics,andanxiolyticsBenzodiazepines,barbituratesDriedopiumpoppyDriedopiumpoppyOpiumOpiumHeroinHeroinAmphetamine,Methamphetamine(ice),MDMAAmphetamine,Methamphetamine(ice),MDMA(Ecstasy),Ecstasy),MDA(Ecstasy)MDA(Ecstasy)EcstasyEcstasyMarijuanaMarijuanaCrackCocaineCrackCocaineKetamineKetamineDrugAbuseStatusinChinaDrugAbuseStatusinChinaCigaretteAlcoholIllicitDrugSmokinginChinaSmokinginChinaChinaisnumberonecigaretteproducer,theoutputofcigaretteaccountfor1/3intheworld,is3timeslargerthaninUS;@#@Approximately10%ofrevenuecomefromtobaccoindustriesinChina;@#@ThesmokingratesinChinaare60%70%formalesand7%15%forfemales,thereare1.1billionsmokersintheworld,3200millioninChina;@#@ThecontentofnicotineandtarincigaretteinChinaismuchhigherthanindevelopedcountries;@#@Thereare2millionpeopleinChinadiedfromsmokingrelateddiseaseseachyear.TheRevenuefromTobaccoIndustriesTheRevenuefromTobaccoIndustriesinChina(YMBBillion)inChina(YMBBillion)TheAmountofCigaretteProducedandTheAmountofCigaretteProducedandSoldinChina(Billion)SoldinChina(Billion)DrinkinginChinaDrinkinginChinaThepercapitaconsumption(15yearoldandover)isabout4litersinpurealcohol;@#@TheoutputofalcoholbeveragesinChinaincreases10%eachyear;@#@Thedrinkingrelatedpsychologicalandphysicaldiseasesincreasesteadilyinrecent15years.Nationalepidemiologicalsurvey(1994)qThemale,femaleandtotaldrinkingrateswere84.1%,29.3%and59.5%,respectivelyMorethanhalfofmaledrinkersand90.0%offemaledrinkersusedalcoholonceaweekorless.Morethan16.1%ofmaledrinkersand2.5%offemaledrinkersdrankonceadayormore.qTheannualconsumptionofpurealcoholforeachrespondentwas3.60liters;@#@Malesconsumed18.6timesmorealcoholthanfemalesTheNumberofRecordedIllicitTheNumberofRecordedIllicitDrugUsersinChinaDrugUsersinChina(in10000)(in10000)Life-timePrevalenceRatesofDrugUsein1993and1996%TheSubstancesEverUsedinDrugUsersLife%Life-timeandcurrentdruguseinUSHNcracksdownondrugabuseHNcracksdownondrugabuseTheAIDS,DrugandProstituteCommitteeannouncepolicewouldstakeoutcornersacrossthecityfromOct.1toNov15topickupaddictsanddealers;@#@Anyonecaughtusingdrugswouldgotorehabilitationcenters;@#@Asurveydonebycommitteesuggested12,555drugaddictlivedinHanoi,morethan5,800wereinrehabilitationcenterinthepast;@#@Moreresearchonthenumberofdrugaddictsandtherelapseratewillbeconducted.VietnamNews,Oct3,2003NAChairmanpraisesHCMcitysNAChairmanpraisesHCMcitysantidrugeffortantidrugeffortNationalAssemblyChairmanNguyenVanAnsaidthefightagainstsocialproblemssuchasdrugusesh
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- 精神 活性 物质 所致 精神障碍 英文