国际贸易实务双语教程(第四版)unit-01PPT资料.ppt
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国际贸易实务双语教程(第四版)unit-01PPT资料.ppt
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国际贸易实务双语教程国际贸易实务双语教程(第四版)(第四版)(INTERNATIONALBusinessPractice)清华大学出版社清华大学出版社Chapter1AbriefintroductiontointernationaltradeInternationaltrade,alsocalledworldtrade,foreigntradeoroverseastrade,isthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsand/orservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Definition(P1)SectionOneReasonsforinternationaltrade(从事国际贸易的动机从事国际贸易的动机)1ResourceAcquisition(寻求资源寻求资源)2BenefitsAcquisition(追求利润追求利润)3Diversification(多种经营多种经营)4Expandsales(扩大销售)(扩大销售)5.Internationalbalanceofpayments(国际收支平衡国际收支平衡)6.Otherreasons1.ResourceAcquisition(寻求资源寻求资源P2)Resourcedistributionaroundtheworldisuneven.Nonationhasalltheeconomicresourcesitneeds.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresourceswithintheirownboundariesmustbuythemfromothercountries.Naturalresources:
@#@mineral,water,weather,soil,forest,etc.Socialresources:
@#@laborforce,skillstechnology,equipmentsetc.Whatareresources?
@#@2.BenefitsAcquisition(追求利润追求利润P2)Acountrycanbenefitsmorebyproducinggoodsitcanmakemostcheaplyandbuyingthosegoodsthatothercountriescanmakeatalowercost.Question:
@#@Whycantradecreatebenefits?
@#@TheoryofComparativeAdvantage比较优势理论比较优势理论Or:
@#@ComparativeCostTheory比较成本理论比较成本理论(byAdamSmith,DavidRicardo,JohnStuartandothereconomistsinthe19thcentury)Question:
@#@Doyouthinkeverycountrycanproducethesametypeofproductatthesamecost?
@#@1.Whichcountryhasanabsoluteadvantageinproducingcloth?
@#@2.Whichcountryhasanabsoluteadvantageinproducingwine?
@#@3.Whatshouldtheyspecializeinrespectively?
@#@HoursofLaborrequiredtoproduceCountryCloth(100bolts)Wine(100barrels)Scotland30120Portugal10020Example1Fact:
@#@Somecountrieshasnoabsoluteadvantageinproducinganyproducts.Question:
@#@Canthesecountriesmakeprofitsbydoingbusinesswiththosewhohasabsoluteadvantage?
@#@1)InwhichproductdoesU.S.Ahaveanabsoluteadvantage?
@#@2)InwhichproductdoesBrazilhaveacomparativeadvantage?
@#@3)Whatshouldthetwocountriesspecializein?
@#@unitsofPR(productiveresource)productU.S.ABrazil100cars241000computers34Example2Americanshaveanabsoluteadvantageinproducingbothcarsandcomputers.UsingthreeunitsofPR(productiveresource)toproduce1,000computersintheUnitedStatesrequiressacrificingtheproductionof150cars.UsingfourunitsofPRtoproduce1,000computersinBrazilrequiressacrificingonly100cars.Conclusion:
@#@Brazilianshaveacomparativeadvantageinproducingcomputers.Conclusionforpoint2(P3)Aslongasthereisminordifferencesintheefficiencyofproducingacommodity,eventhepoorcountrieshaveacomparativeadvantageinproducingit.Therefore,thecountrycanspecializeintheparticularproductsandmass-produce.3.Diversification多样经营多样经营(P3)4.SalesExpansion扩大销售扩大销售(P4)Salesarelimitedby1)thenumberofconsumers2)thecapacityofpurchaseofconsumer5.Internationalbalanceofpayments国际收支平衡国际收支平衡(P4)BOP-balanceofpaymentBOPaccount收支平衡账户BOPsheet收支平衡表BalanceofpaymentTheinternationalbalanceofpaymentisthedifferencebetweenmoneycomingintoacountryandmoneygoingoutofthecountry.Afavorablebalanceofpayment(国际收支顺国际收支顺差差)meansmoremoneyisflowingintoacountry.Anunfavorablebalanceofpayment(国际收(国际收支逆差)支逆差)meansmoremoneyisflowingoutofacountry.BalanceoftradeAfavorablebalanceoftrade(贸易顺差)ortradesurplus(贸易出超)occurswhenthevalueofanationsexportexceedsthatofitsimport.Whenthevalueofanationsimportexceedsthatofitsexport,anunfavorablebalanceoftrade(贸易逆差)ortradedeficit(贸易入超)occurs.6.Otherreasons(P4)1)Satisfyingalargedomesticdemand满足国内大量需求满足国内大量需求2)Preferenceforinnovationandstyle对创新和款式的追求对创新和款式的追求3)Forpoliticalreasons政治原因政治原因Termtranslation1.自给自足2.经济资源3.直接投资4.国际收支5.商品交换6.倾销7.贸易顺差8.贸易逆差9.欧盟10.国际收支顺差11.国际收支逆差12.有形贸易13.无形贸易14.货物贸易15.服务贸易Exercises1.self-sufficient2.2.economicresources3.directinvestment4.Balanceofpayment5.Commodityexchange6.dumping7.favorablebalanceoftrade8.unfavorablebalanceoftradeKeys9.EuropeanUnion10.favorablebalanceofpayment11.unfavorablebalanceofpayment12.visible(tangible)trade13.invisible(intangible)trade14.tradeingoods15.tradeinserviceKeysProblemsCultureDifferences文化差异文化差异MonetaryConversion货币兑换货币兑换TradeBarriers贸易壁垒贸易壁垒SectionTwoProblemsConcerningInternationalTrade1.Culturaldifferences文化差异问题文化差异问题(P5)Ininternationaltrade,businesspeoplemustpaycloseattentiontodifferentlocalcustomsandBusinessnorms(商业准则商业准则).2.MoneyConversion货币兑换问题货币兑换问题(fluctuationinexchangerate)Frenchfrancs(法郎法郎)USdollars(美元美元)Britishpounds(英镑英镑)DeutscheMark(马克马克)Japaneseyen(日元日元)Danishkrone(克朗克朗)Euro(欧元欧元)3.TradeBarriers(贸易壁垒(贸易壁垒P6)Isthereacompletelyfreetradingsysteminanycountry?
@#@Tradepoliciescomeinmanyforms-tariffsorsubsidies,quantitativerestrictionorencouragementsonimportedorexportedgoods,servicesandassets.TradeBarriers(贸易壁垒)(贸易壁垒)1)Tocorrectabal
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