william.BryantPPT推荐.ppt
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william.BryantPPT推荐.ppt
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translatingtheIliad(伊利亚特)andtheOdyssey(奥德赛)intoEnglishblankverseWilliamCullenBryant(17941878)Asaeditor,Bryantsupportedthecauseofjournalismasfreespeech,freetradeAsasupporterofLincoln,headvocatedtoabolishslavery.Asawriter,BryantwasanearlyadvocateofAmericanliterarynationalism,andhisownpoetryfocusedonnatureasametaphorfortruth,whichestablishedacentralpatternintheAmericanliterarytradition2.4MainworksTheEmbargo禁运(1808)asatiricalpoeminreactionagainstJeffersonstraderestriction(13yearsold)Thanatopsis(Greek,meaning“viewofdeath)死亡随想曲(1817),whichbroughthimthefirstsuccess.(16yearsold)Poems(1821),thefirstcollectionconsistingof8famouspoems,suchasToaWaterfowl,Thanatopsis,TheYellowVioletThereafter,heestablishedhispositioninthehistoryofAmericanliterature.MainworksHepublishedsixvolumes(1832-1864)TheFountain(1842)温泉TheWhite-footedDeer(1844)白蹄鹿TheFloodofYears(1878)似水流年AForestHymn(1860)森林吟唱TranslatingHomerstheIliad(伊利亚特)andtheOdyssey(奥德赛)intoEnglishblankverseHisWritingsTheme1.Thebeautyandharmonyofnatureasasourceofsolace,joy,andescapenatureasametaphorfortruth2.Thedignityofhumanity3.Thesacrednessofhumanfreedom4.ThepowerandbeneficenceofGodstyleFirst,conventionalinsubjectandstyleLater,TransitiontowardsRomanticismHispoetryhasbeendescribedasbeingofathoughtful,meditativecharacter,andmakesbutslightappealtothemassofreaders”TOAWATERFOWLWilliamCullenBryant:
1815theBackgroundofToaWaterfowlTheinspirationforthepoemoccurredtoBryantthenwhenhewas21inDecember1815,hewaswalkingfromCummington(卡明顿)toPlainfield(普兰菲尔德)tolookforaplacetosettleasalawyer.Theduck,flyingacrossthesunset,seemedtoBryantassolitaryasoulashimself,inspiringhimtowritethepoemthatevening.W.C.BryantHomesteadatCummingtonCriticalresponseMatthewArnoldpraiseditastheperfectbriefpoeminthelanguage“.andthepoetandcriticRichardWilburhasdescribeditasAmericasfirstflawlesspoem.ToaWaterfowlByWilliamCullenBryantWhither,midstfallingdew,Whileglowtheheavenswiththelaststepsofday,Far,throughtheirrosydepths,dostthoupursueThysolitaryway?
VainlythefowlerseyeMightmarkthydistantflighttodotheewrong,As,darklypaintedonthecrimsonsky,Thyfigurefloatsalong.SeekstthoutheplashybrinkOfweedylake,ormargeofriverwide,OrwheretherockingbillowsriseandsinkOnthechafedoceanside?
ThereisaPowerwhosecareTeachesthywayalongthatpathlesscoast,-Thedesertandillimitableair,-Lonewandering,butnotlost.AlldaythywingshavefanndAtthatfarheight,thecoldthinatmosphere:
Yetstoopnot,weary,tothewelcomeland,Thoughthedarknightisnear.Andsoonthattoilshallend,Soonshaltthoufindasummerhome,andrest,Andscreamamongthyfellows;
reedsshallbendSoonoerthyshelterednest.Thourtgone,theabyssofheavenHathswallowedupthyform;
yet,onmyheartDeeplyhathsunkthelessonthouhastgiven,Andshallnotsoondepart.He,who,fromzonetozone,Guidesthroughtheboundlessskythycertainflight,InthelongwaythatImusttreadalone,Willleadmystepsaright.questions1.readcarefullythepoemandtheNote1,tryingtogetthepoetsviewthepoemexpresses2.findtheformfeathersofthepoem,includingstanza,meter,therhymescheme,etc.theform“ToaWaterfowl”consistsofeightstanzas诗诗节节withfourlineseachstanza,witheachlinewritteniniambictrimeter(抑扬格三音步)oriambicpentameter(抑扬格五音步),therhythmscheme(节奏模式):
3-5-5-3;
andtherhymescheme(押韵模式):
abab.Meter(音步):
twosyllablesasafootorameter.ThepoemrepresentsearlystagesofAmericanRomanticismthroughcelebrationofNatureandGodspresenceinNature.theRhymeScheme(押韵模式):
ababStanza8He,who,fromzonetozone-aGuidesthroughtheboundlessskythycertainflight-bInthelongwaythatImusttreadalone-aWillleadmystepsaright-biambictrimeter(抑扬格三音步)oriambicpentameter(抑扬格五音步)Meter音步:
twosyllablesasafootormeter.Iambs抑扬格:
metricalfeet(韵脚)eachconsistingofanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllableHe,who,fromzonetozone3Guidesthroughtheboundlessskythycertainflight5InthelongwaythatImusttreadalone5Willleadmystepsaright3therhythmscheme(节奏模式):
3-5-5-3ThecontentStanza1Whither,midstfallingdew,Whileglowtheheavenswiththelaststepsofday,Far,throughtheirrosydepths,dostthoupursueThysolitaryway?
SummaryAsthedewfallsandthesunsetsintherosydepthsoftheheavens,Iwonderwhereyou(waterfowl)aregoing?
Notes1.Whither:
Where.2.Thespeakeraddressesthewaterfowlasifitwerepresent.Doingsoconstitutesafigureofspeechknownasapostrophe.对(缺席者或某种拟人化的主张或特质)发出呼语或顿呼Stanza1本诗第一节就以整节的篇幅描绘一只水鸟孤独地飞在天中的画面背景:
傍晚,落日,绯红的天边,一只水鸟将飞向何方?
fallingdew,laststepsofday点明时间,step一词给时间的逝去一种不紧不慢的动感,写出诗人看着日落时的无奈。
far,depths两词点出空间的广阔,和一只水鸟“弱小”的形象形成非常强的反差。
Stanza2Vainlythefowlers3eyeMightmarkthydistantflighttodotheewrong,As,darklyseenagainstthecrimsonsky,Thyfigurefloatsalong.SummaryWithoutsuccess,ahunter(fowler)mighttrytobringyoudownasyoufloatinsilhouette(outline)againstthecrimsoneveningsky.Notes3.fowlers:
Hunters.Stanza2第一节的问句之后,第二节里,诗人就把水鸟塑造成一个坚定的形象:
猎鸟人算计着你的飞行轨迹,要将你猎下,却无能为力。
这里有一种人和自然的对比:
在自然的面前,人显得无力,尽管拥有更高的智慧,但自然却丝毫不受影响,一如既往地运行着,就连一只孤独的水鸟都
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