英语诗歌分类PPT课件下载推荐.ppt
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英语诗歌分类PPT课件下载推荐.ppt
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莎士比亚(WilliamShakespeare,1564-1616)用韵脚abab,cdcd,efef,gg,称英国式或莎士比亚式。
2、打油诗(Limericks):
通常是小笑话甚至是胡诌,一般没有标题也无作者姓名,含有幽默讽刺性,常运用双关,内韵等手法。
每首诗五个诗行,押韵为aabba,格律以抑扬格和抑抑扬格为主。
v1)TherewasayoungladyofNiggerWhosmiledassherodeonatiger;
TheyreturnedfromtherideWiththeladyinside,Andthesmileonthefaceofthetiger.v2)AtutorwhotaughtonthefluteTriedtoteachtwotooterstotoot,“Isithardertotoot,orSaidthetwotothetutor,Totutortwotooterstotoot?
”3、素体诗(无韵体诗)(BlankVerse):
五音步抑扬格,不押韵诗体。
theunrhymediambicpentameterlinevWilliamWordsworth:
ThereWasaBoyTherewasaBoy;
yeknewhimwell,yecliffsAndislandsofWinander!
manyatime,Atevening,whentheearlieststarsbeganTomovealongtheedgesofthehills,Risingorsetting,wouldhestandalone,Beneaththetrees,orbytheglimmeringlake;
Andthere,withfingersinterwoven,bothhandsPressedcloselypalmtopalmandtohismouthUplifted,he,asthroughaninstrument,BlewmimichootingstothesilentowlsThattheymightanswerhim.AndtheywouldshoutAcrossthewateryvale,andshoutagain,Responsivetohiscall,withquiveringpeals,Andlonghalloos,andscreams,andechoesloudRedoubledandredoubled;
concoursewildOfjocunddin!
And,whentherecameapauseOfsilencesuchasbaffledhisbestskill:
Then,sometimes,inthatsilence,whilehehungListening,agentleshockofmildsurpriseHascarriedfarintohisheartthevoiceOfmountain-torrents;
orthevisiblesceneWouldenterunawaresintohismindWithallitssolemnimagery,itsrocks,Itswoods,andthatuncertainheavenreceivedIntothebosomofthesteadylake.Thisboywastakenfromhismates,anddiedInchildhood,erehewasfulltwelveyearsold.Pre-eminentinbeautyisthevaleWherehewasbornandbred:
thechurchyardhangsUponaslopeabovethevillage-school;
AndthroughthatchurchyardwhenmywayhasledOnsummer-evenings,IbelievethatthereAlonghalf-hourtogetherIhavestoodMutelookingatthegraveinwhichhelies!
4、自由诗(FreeVerse)v自由诗(FreeVerse):
现代诗中常见的体式,长短不同的诗行存在于同一首诗中,不讲究押韵与格律,只注重诗歌所表达的意象和传递的情感。
美国诗人WaltWhitman的(LeavesofGrass)中,就采用此格式。
SongofMyselfvIcelebratemyself,andsingmyself,AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume,Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou.Iloafeandinvitemysoul,Ilearnandloafeatmyeaseobservingaspearofsummergrass.Mytongue,everyatomofmyblood,formdfromthissoil,thisair,Bornhereofparentsbornherefromparentsthesame,andtheirparentsthesame,I,nowthirtysevenyearsoldinperfecthealthbegin,Hopingtoceasenottilldeath.Creedsandschoolsinabeyance,Retiringbackawhilesufficedatwhattheyare,butneverforgotten.Iharborforgoodorbad,Ipermittospeakateveryhazard.Naturewithoutcheckwithoriginalenergy.vNotes:
aspearof:
apieceofschool:
学说,流派hazard:
chanceabeyance:
theconditionofnotbeinginuseforacertaintime惠特曼(WaltWhitman,1819-1892),美国诗人。
此诗选自其巨著。
本文是SongofMyself一诗的第一部分,采用自由诗体,语言接近当时的美国口语。
5、Epicpoetryvitisalongversenarrativeonaserioussubject,toldinaformalandelevatedstyle,andcenteredonaheroicorquasi-divinefigureonwhoseactionsdependsthefateofatribe,anation,orthehumanrace.v史诗是叙述英雄传说和重大历史事件的叙事长诗。
一种庄严的文学体裁,内容为民间传说或歌颂英雄功绩的长篇叙事诗,它涉及的主题可以包括历史事件、民族、宗教或传说史诗史诗一般分作两种,一种为“传统史诗传统史诗”或“原始史诗”,主要是以口头流传的形式世代相传,随着时间而增添情节,最后被整理、加工,以文字记载成为一部统一的作品。
这类史诗的代表有荷马的史诗作品伊利亚特和奥德赛。
另一种为文学作家以特定的观念目的有意识地编写而成的“文学史文学史诗诗”,这类史诗的代表有维吉尔的埃涅阿斯纪和约翰弥尔顿的失乐园。
6、英雄双韵体(HeroicCouplet),therhymedcoupletofiambicpentameterv是一种英国古典诗体,由乔叟首创。
由十音节双韵诗体演化而来,每行五个音步,每个音步有两个音节,第一个是轻音,第二个是重音.句式均衡、整齐、准确、简洁、考究。
举例拿四行诗的押韵方式为例,有abab型,有abcb型,有abba型,有aabb型,还有aaab型。
第四种(aabb型)实际上是双行押韵,英语称之为couplet,如果每行五音步,则称之为“英雄双押韵”(heroiccouplet);
TheCanterburyTales-GeneralProloguevAssoonasAprilpiercestotherootvThedroughtofMarch,andbatheseachbudandshootvThrougheveryveinofsapwithgentleshowersvFromwhoseengenderingliquorspringtheflowers;
vWhenzephyrshavebreathedsoftlyallaboutvInspiringeverywoodandfieldtosprout,vAndinthezodiactheyouthfulsunvHisjourneyhalfwaythroughtheRamhasrun;
vWhenlittlebirdsarebusywiththeirsongvWhosleepwithopeneyesthewholenightlongvLifestirstheirheartsandtingleinthemso,vThenoffaspilgrimspeoplelongtogo,vAndpalmerstosetoutfordistantstrandsvAndforeignshrinesrenownedinmanylands.vAndspeciallyinEnglandpeopleridevToCanterburyfromeverycountrysidevTovisittheretheblessedmartyredsaintvWhogavethemstrengthwhentheyweresickandfaint.7、Balladsandpopularballads大众民谣vDefinitionoftheballad:
vAballad,flourishedinthe15thcentury,isastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.vPopularBalladsvBalladsareanonymousnarrativesongsthathaveb
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