认知语言学:框架与构式PPT推荐.ppt
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认知语言学:框架与构式PPT推荐.ppt
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AnexampleofBUYAnexampleofBUYADTheFrameofBUYTheFrameofBUYMaryboughtsomebooksfromJohnfor500dollors.somebooksB(goods)A(buyer)MaryC(money)500dollorsD(seller)JohnFrameandperspectiveTheassignmentofsyntacticrolesisgovernedbythechoiceoftheverbbuy,whichisthesyntacticperspective.Thenotionofperspectivereliesontheprincipleofprominence,thatisonfigure/groundsegregation.TheBUYframeisnotjustausefultoolforthesyntacticdescriptionoftheverbbuy,butitcanalsobeappliedtotheverbssell,chargeandpay.Thedifferenceofthefourverbsissimplyachangeofperspectivewithinthesameframe.
(1)DavidboughtanoldshirtfromJohnfortenpounds.
(2)JohnsoldanoldshirttoDavidfortenpounds.(3)JohnchargedDavidtenpoundsforanoldshirt.(4)DavidpaidtenpoundstoJohnforanoldshirt.ThetwoverbsbuyandpaydescribethecomercialeventfromtheBUYERsperspective,whilesellandchargeperspectivizethesituationfromtheSELLERspointofview.FrameandperspectiveFrameandperspectiveThisisafirstsignthattheframeapproachgoesbeyondthefigureandgroundapproachinthatitpaysmoreattentiontothelessprominentpartsofsentenceslikeadverbials.Theframenotion:
differentconceptionsandrelatedconceptsthenotionofframeanysystemoflinguisticchoicescollectionsofwordschoicesofgrammaticalrulesorlinguisticcategriesStartingoutfromthislinguisticposition,theconceptionoftheframenotionhasshiftedtowardsacognitiveinterpretation.Theframenotion:
differentconceptionsandrelatedconceptsEverysentenceevokesacertaincognitiveperspectiveonasituationbythechoiceoftheverbandtheparticularsyntacticpatternthatitgoverns.Thebasisforperspectiveismainlyprovidedbythecognitiveabilityofdirectingonesattention.Thesimilaritiesbetweentwoapproaches:
thefigureandgroundapproach&
theframeandattentionapproachTheframenotion:
differentTheframenotion:
differentconceptionsandrelatedconceptsconceptionsandrelatedconceptstheprofilingofparticipantsinaninteractivenetworkassyntacticfigureandgroundthenotionofperspectivizingtwoelementsofaframeassubjectandobjectTheyrelyonFillmoresearlyCaseGrammer,andsharethebeliefthatclausepatternscannotbeseeninisolationbutagainsttheircognitivebackgroundTheframenotion:
differentconceptionsandrelatedconceptsThedifferencesbetweenthetwoapproaches:
(1)Researchesworkingintheframeparadigmareinterestedinproblemsrelatedtothemeaningoftheverbsthatbelongtoaframe.
(2)Theframeapproachpresentsaunifiedviewofsyntacticpatterns,(3)thefigureandgroundapproachmainlyemphasizesthetwoprominententitiesonthelevelofclauseinthesyntacticfigureandthesyntacticground;
however,theframehassomethingtosayaboutlinguisticitemsthatattractonlyasmallportionofourattentionpotential.Examples:
5.Davidspenttenpoundsonanoldshirt.6.TheoldshirtcostDavidtenpounds.Theframenotion:
differentconceptionsandrelatedconceptsFramescanbeconceivedasawayofdescribingthecognitivecontextwhichprovidesthebackgroundforandisassociatedwithcognitivecategories.Theframenotion:
differentconceptionsandrelatedconceptsFramesarejustoneofvarietyofcognitivemodelswhichalsoincludethescenarios,domainsandinteractivenetworksandthescrips.Fromframestoscripts:
flyingonaplaneTherelevenceofframesextendsovertheboundariesofsinglesentencestomuchlargerlinguisticandcongnitiveunits.Thefollowinglittlestory:
SuecaughtaplanefromLondontoMadrid.Aftershehadfoundherseatshecheckedwhetherthelifevestwasbeneathit,butshecouldnotfindit.Sosheaskedtheflightattendanttofindoneforher.Attention:
thetwooccurrencesofthedefinitearticlethe.Fromframestoscripts:
flyingonaplaneQuestion:
Whysothetwousesofthedefinitearticlesoundcompletelynautral,althoughtheycannotbeexplainedwiththerulesofgrammaralone?
Explaination:
Weneedtomakeinferencesthatarebasedonourworldknowledgetounderstandthedefinitereferences.Cognitivecategoriesactbothasanchorsandastriggersforframes.Frameisintheformatofcategoriesandtheirinterrelationsthatframesaredesignedanditisbythesamecategoriesthattheyareactivated.Categoriesistoprovide“defaultassignments”bysupplyingcontext-dependentprototypes.Fromframestoscript
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- 关 键 词:
- 认知 语言学 框架