神经组织--组织学和胚胎学PPT推荐.ppt
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神经组织--组织学和胚胎学PPT推荐.ppt
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SchwanncellsatellitecellFunctionofnervetissuevNeuron:
toreceivestimuliandconductelectricalimpulses.vSupportingcell:
physicalsupport(protection)forneuronalprocesses;
electricalinsulationfornervecellbodyandprocesses;
metabolicexchangepathwaysbetweenvascularsystemandneuron.neuronNeuronisthefunctionalunitofthenervesystem.Itcanreceivestimuliandconductelectricalimpulses.StructureofneuronNeuronismadeupofcellbody(somaorperikaryon),dendriteandaxon.1.Soma:
whereribosomes,mitichondria,andothersubcelluarpartsdothemetabolicworkofcellsCellmembrane:
Therearesomeion-channelsandreceptorsinit.Cytoplasm:
Nisslbodies,neurofibrils,ribosomes,mitochondria,etc.Nucleus:
central,largeandround,lightlystained,withanobviousnucleolus.neuronNisslbodyinthesoma:
Basophilicgranules.EachNisslbodyismadeupofastackofRERandfunctionsinproducingproteins.2.Dendrite:
numeroustaperingbranchesformthedendritictrees,whichincreasethereceptorsurfaceareaofaneuron.ThereareNisslbodiesinthedendrites.Function:
receivingstimuliandconductingthemtothecellbody.neuron3.Axon:
thinandlong,similarindiameter.fewbranches.withoutNisslbodies.Functionastransmittingstimulitootherneuronsoreffectorcells.Hillock:
continuouswiththeaxon,theareaofcellbodywhereisfreeoflargecytoplasmicorganells:
RERandsoon.Axonaltransportsystem:
Amodeofintercellularcommunicationbetweencellbodyandtheterminalofaxon.Anterogradetransport:
fromcellbodytotheterminalofaxon(materialssynthesizedinthesoma)Retrogradetransport:
(metabolicproductsandetc.)neuralstructureAxonHillockAxonaltransportsystemTheclassificationofneurons1.Basedonthenumberofitsprocessesmultipolarneuron:
oneaxonandtwoormoredendritesbipolarneurons:
oneaxonandonedendrite.(limitedtotheretinaandetc.)unipolar(pseudo-unipolar)neuron:
oneprocess,whichdividesclosetothecellbodyintotwolongprocesses.threetypesofneurons2.Basedonthefunctionoftheneuronsensoryneuron:
conveyimpulsesfromreceptors(unipolar)toCNS-afferentneuron.motorneuron:
conveyimpulsesfromtheCNSor(multipolar)gangliatoeffectorcellsandcontroltheactivityofmuscleandthesecretionoftheglands-efferentneuron.interneuron:
formacommunicatingandintegrating(multipolar)networkbetweensensoryandmotorneurons-intercalatedneuron.synapsesynapseissomespecialcelljunctionbetweenneuronsorbetweenneuronanditseffectorcell(musclefiberorglandularcell).synapseelectricalsynapsechemicalsynapsegapjunction:
two-directiontransmissionindependentofneurotransmittersconsistsofpresynapticelement,synapticcleftandpostsynapticelement;
one-directiontransmissionmediatedbyneurotransmitters;
chemicalsynapse1.presynapticelement:
bulb-likeenlargementsoftheaxonterminalswhichiscalledterminalbuttonorsynapticbag.presynapticmembrane:
presynapticcellmembranewithvoltagesensitivecalciumchannels.synapticvesicles:
membraneboundvesicleswhichcontainneurotransmitters.2.synapticcleft:
thespacebetweenthepresynapticandpostsynapticmembranes.3.postsynapticelement:
postsynapticcellmembranewithchemicalsensitiveionchannelsandreceptorsoftheneurotransmitters.synapticbagsynapsethetransmissionofthenerveimpulseNerveimpulsearrivesatpresynapticcellmembraneinfluxofthecalciumionsthroughthepresynapticmembraneSynapticvesiclespourtheneurotransmittersintothesynapticcleftNeurotransmittersreachandbindontocorrespondingreceptorsThepostsynapticmembranebecomesdepolarized.synapsesynapseseveralmorphologicalkindsofsynapsesvaxodendritic:
occurringbetweenaxonsanddendrites;
vaxosomatic:
occurringbetweenaxonandsoma;
vaxoaxonic:
occurringbetweenaxonandaxon;
vdendrodentritic:
occurringbetweendendritesanddendrites.kindsofsynapsessupportingcellssupportingcellsInthePNS:
SchwanncellsatellitecellIntheCNS:
neurogliacell:
astrocyte(gliacell)oligodendrocytemicrogliaependymalcellnonconductivecells.function:
insulatetheneuronsfromeachother,protecttheneuronssupportingcellsinthePNS1.Schwanncell2.satellitecell1Schwanncellandmyelinsheathprofile:
flatsacinshapenucleus:
flattened,stainsdarkly.function:
surroundingtheaxonandconstitutingtheneurilemmaandmyelinsheath.myelinsheath-formingcellinthePNS.formationofmyelinsheathmyelinsheath:
composedofmultiplelayersofSchwanncellmembranewrappedconcentricallyaroundtheaxon.vEachSchwanncellinitiallysurroundssomepartofanaxon;
vItwrapsashortsegmentofaxon,formingmultipleSchwanncelllayers,andcytop
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- 关 键 词:
- 神经 组织 组织学 胚胎学