16-心理障碍_精品文档优质PPT.ppt
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16-心理障碍_精品文档优质PPT.ppt
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MyersPSYCHOLOGY,Chapter16PsychologicalDisorders,PsychologicalDisorders,PsychologicalDisordera“harmfuldysfunction”inwhichbehaviorisjudgedtobe:
@#@atypical-notenoughinitselfdisturbing-varieswithtimeandculturemaladaptive-harmfulunjustifiable-sometimestheresagoodreason,HistoricalPerspective,PerceivedCausesmovementsofsunormoonlunacy-fullmoonevilspiritsAncientTreatmentsexorcism,cagedlikeanimals,beaten,burned,castrated,mutilated,bloodreplacedwithanimalsblood,PsychologicalDisorders,MedicalModelconceptthatdiseaseshavephysicalcausescanbediagnosed,treated,andinmostcases,curedassumesthatthese“mental”illnessescanbediagnosedonthebasisoftheirsymptomsandcuredthroughtherapy,whichmayincludetreatmentinapsychiatrichospital,PsychologicalDisorders,Bio-Psycho-SocialPerspectiveassumesthatbiological,sociocultural,andpsychologicalfactorscombineandinteracttoproducepsychologicaldisorders,PsychologicalDisorders,PsychologicalDisorders-Etiology,DSM-IVAmericanPsychiatricAssociationsDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders(FourthEdition)awidelyusedsystemforclassifyingpsychologicaldisorderspresentlydistributedasDSM-IV-TR(textrevision),PsychologicalDisorders-Etiology,NeuroticDisorder(termseldomusednow)usuallydistressingbutthatallowsonetothinkrationallyandfunctionsociallyPsychoticDisorderpersonlosescontactwithrealityexperiencesirrationalideasanddistortedperceptions,AnxietyDisorders,AnxietyDisordersdistressing,persistentanxietyormaladaptivebehaviorsthatreduceanxietyGeneralizedAnxietyDisorderpersonistense,apprehensive,andinastateofautonomicnervoussystemarousal,AnxietyDisorders,PanicDisordermarkedbyaminutes-longepisodeofintensedreadinwhichapersonexperiencesterrorandaccompanyingchestpain,choking,orotherfrighteningsensation,AnxietyDisorders,Phobiapersistent,irrationalfearofaspecificobjectorsituationObsessive-CompulsiveDisorderunwantedrepetitivethoughts(obsessions)and/oractions(compulsions),AnxietyDisorders,Commonanduncommonfears,AnxietyDisorders,AnxietyDisorders,PETScanofbrainofpersonwithObsessive/CompulsivedisorderHighmetabolicactivity(red)infrontallobeareasinvolvedwithdirectingattention,MoodDisorders,MoodDisorderscharacterizedbyemotionalextremesMajorDepressiveDisorderamooddisorderinwhichaperson,fornoapparentreason,experiencestwoormoreweeksofdepressedmoods,feelingsofworthlessness,anddiminishedinterestorpleasureinmostactivities,MoodDisorders,ManicEpisodeamooddisordermarkedbyahyperactive,wildlyoptimisticstateBipolarDisorderamooddisorderinwhichthepersonalternatesbetweenthehopelessnessandlethargyofdepressionandtheoverexcitedstateofmaniaformerlycalledmanic-depressivedisorder,MoodDisorders-Depression,MoodDisorders-Depression,Canadiandepressionrates,MoodDisorders-Suicide,MoodDisorders-Bipolar,PETscansshowthatbrainenergyconsumptionrisesandfallswithemotionalswitches,MoodDisorders-Depression,Alteringanyonecomponentofthechemistry-cognition-moodcircuitcanaltertheothers,MoodDisorders-Depression,Theviciouscycleofdepressioncanbebrokenatanypoint,DissociativeDisorders,DissociativeDisordersconsciousawarenessbecomesseparated(dissociated)frompreviousmemories,thoughts,andfeelingsDissociativeIdentityDisorderraredissociativedisorderinwhichapersonexhibitstwoormoredistinctandalternatingpersonalitiesformerlycalledmultiplepersonalitydisorder,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenialiteraltranslation“splitmind”agroupofseveredisorderscharacterizedby:
@#@disorganizedanddelusionalthinkingdisturbedperceptionsinappropriateemotionsandactions,Schizophrenia,Delusionsfalsebeliefs,oftenofpersecutionorgrandeur,thatmayaccompanypsychoticdisordersHallucinationssensoryexperienceswithoutsensorystimulation,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia,Schizophrenia,PersonalityDisorders,PersonalityDisordersdisorderscharacterizedbyinflexibleandenduringbehaviorpatternsthatimpairsocialfunctioningusuallywithoutanxiety,depression,ordelusions,PersonalityDisorders,AntisocialPersonalityDisorderdisorderinwhichtheperson(usuallyman)exhibitsalackofconscienceforwrongdoing,eventowardfriendsandfamilymembersmaybeaggressiveandruthlessoracleverconartist,MoodDisorders-Depression,Boyswhowerelaterconvictedofacrimeshowedrelativelylowarousal,PersonalityDisorders,PETscansillustratereducedactivationinamurderersfrontalcortex,PersonalityDisorders,RatesofPsychologicalDisorders,
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