unit8PPT文档格式.ppt
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unit8PPT文档格式.ppt
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Cross-culturalPerceptionCross-culturalPerceptionUnit8CultureisaBridge.1CONTENTS1.FrenchLeaveandDutchCourage2.EthnocentrismandEthno-relativism3.GroupworkP27823OldEnglish(450-1100AD)MiddleEnglish(1100-1500)ModernEnglish:
@#@earlymodernEnglish1500-1800;@#@latemodernEnglish1800-present)4FrenchLeaveandDutchCourageMostcountriesandpeoplesintheBritishIsles,continentalEuropeandbeyondhaveleftapermanentimprintontheEnglishlanguagetodescribeflora(植物植物群)群),fauna(动物群)(动物群),productsorcustomsassociatedwithparticularnations.5Someexamples1.Belgianhare比利时家兔比利时家兔2.Danishpastry丹麦甜糕饼丹麦甜糕饼3.Dutchbarn64.Flemishbond法式砌法法式砌法5.Frenchletter避孕套避孕套6.Germanmeasles风疹(又称德国麻疹)风疹(又称德国麻疹)7.Greekgifts来者不善来者不善8.Italichandwriting斜体字(或字母、数码等)斜体字(或字母、数码等)9.Portugueseman-of-war水母水母10.Russianroulette俄式轮盘俄式轮盘711.Irishstew爱尔兰炖肉;@#@土豆洋葱煮肉爱尔兰炖肉;@#@土豆洋葱煮肉12.Scotchpine苏格兰松树苏格兰松树13.Swedishdrill(治治疗性的性的)瑞典式肌肉体操瑞典式肌肉体操14.Swissroll(内卷果酱或奶油的)蛋糕(内卷果酱或奶油的)蛋糕15.Turkishdelight土耳其软糖土耳其软糖16.Welshrarebit涂着干酪泥的烤面包片涂着干酪泥的烤面包片81.Greekingischeatingatcardse.g.“thisisGreektome”meansgibberishdibri乱乱语;@#@快速而不清楚的言;@#@快速而不清楚的言语2.“HisIrish(orhisDutch)isup”means“hesangry,hesintemper”3.“ImaDutchman”means“Imnotmyself”Therefore,inAmericanEnglish“inDutch”isindisfavor,introuble.WhenAmericanssay“wevebeenDutched”theymean“wevebeenhad,wevebeencheated”.91.Theeasy-goingDutchhavecontributedthegreatestnumberofthemostpejorative(轻蔑的)terms.2.Manytermsreflectthisderision(嘲笑)andcontempt.3.e.g.
(1)drunkasaDutchman(totallyintoxicated)4.
(2)Dutchcourage(courageinducedbydrinking-largequantity)5.(3)aDutchorwetbargain(thepartnerdrinkingtogether)6.(4)inarchitectureaDutchmanisadeviceforhidingorcounter-actingstructuraldefects(污点).7.(5)aDutchnightingale(夜莺)isafrog.8.(6)inaDutchconcerteachperformerplaysadifferenttone.9.(7)inDutchauction,propertyisofferedatahighprice,whichisgraduallylowereduntilsomeonebuysit.10.(8)aDutchunclewilllectureyouwithkindlyseverity.11.(9)beattheDutchistodosth.remarkable12.(10)goDutch,whenyoupayyourownway,youshareexpenses,asinaDutchtreat.13.DutchderogatorycontributiontoEnglishlanguage10Few“French”wordsareasnegative.DespitethefactthattheFrenchhavebeenouralliesforthepastcentury.(hundredyearswar)e.g.FrenchkissFrenchpox法国花柳病法国花柳病Frenchcuisinekwizi:
@#@n法国大餐法国大餐Frenchbean菜豆,四季豆菜豆,四季豆Frenchdressing法式生菜调味酱,法式凉菜调味汁法式生菜调味酱,法式凉菜调味汁Frenchfries薯条薯条Frenchbread(loaf)法式长条面包法式长条面包Frenchtoast法式土司法式土司Frenchwindows落地窗落地窗Frenchleaven.不辞而不辞而别,悄悄离去;@#@擅离,悄悄离去;@#@擅离职守守11Spanishelm(trees)Spanishbroom(plant)Spanishmackerel(fish)Spanishonion(vegetables)walkSpanish:
@#@beforcedtowalkwithsomeoneholdingyourcollarandtheseatofyourtrousers被迫以足尖走路;@#@小心翼翼地走;@#@被解雇Spanish12Italian1.ThechieflegacyoftheItaliansisitalic,theprintingtype2.Italiancloth意大利棉毛呢3.Italiansixth意大利六和弦4.Italianwarehouse意大利杂货店13GermanFoughttheGermansintwowars,littleprejudiceagainstthemisreflectedinthelanguage.WeacknowledgeGermancontributiontoindustry,printing,andmusicYetnoneofthesetermsisineverydaycommonuse.WhyGermanmeasles?
@#@Perhapsbecauseofintermarriagebetweentheroyalfamilies.14SwisscontributeSwisscheese,Swisslace(瑞士机绣窗纱),Swissmilk,Swissroll,Swissguards,Swissswords(瑞士刀)Swiss15DanishSuccessfulmarketingliesbehindDanishpastry(a“Danish”intheUSA),Danishblue,theDanishcheese,Danishmodern(现现代代罗罗马马体体)andDanishdesign.16Ahomelycollectionofanimals(Englishfoxhounds英英国国猎猎狐狐犬犬,Englishsetters英英国国赛赛特特犬犬,Englishshepherds英英国国牧牧羊羊犬犬,Englishspaniels英英国国史史宾宾格格犬犬),birds(Englishsparrow家家麻麻雀雀),equestrianterms(Englishsaddle英英式式(皮皮座座)马马鞍鞍),flowers(Englishdais英英国国雏雏菊菊,雏雏菊菊),food(Englishmuffin英英式式松松饼饼),trees(Englishwalnut,Englishyew),literaryterms(EnglishorShakespeareansonnet英英国国十十四四行行诗诗),musicalinstrument(Englishhorn),EnglishbreakfastEnglish17Ethnocentrism:
@#@isderivedfromtwoGreekwordsethnos,or“nation”,and“centre”.Itisthetechnicalnamefortheviewofthingsinwhichonesowngroupisthecentreofeverything,andallothersarescalesandratedwithreferencetoit.Ethnocentrismoccurswhenournationisseenasthecentreoftheworldandthebeliefs,values,normsandpracticeofourownculturearetakenassuperiortothoseofothers.EthnocentrismandEthno-relativism18Ethnocentrismreferstoourtendencytoidentifywithourin-group(ethnicalorracialgroup,culture)andtoevaluateoutgroupsandtheirmembersaccordingtoitsstandard.Becauseofethnocentrism,wetendtoviewourownculturalvaluesandwaysofdoingthingsasmorereal,orasthe“right”andnaturalvaluesandwaysofdoingthings.PeoplebornandraisedintheUSaretaughtmanysubtlecuessuggestingtheUSisthecenteroftheworld.e.g.themajorleaguebaseballchampionshipseriesplayedbetweenthewinnersofthetwoleagues.Isitcall
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