最新职称英语学习资料阅读理解讲义7Word文件下载.docx
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最新职称英语学习资料阅读理解讲义7Word文件下载.docx
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toexaminetherolesofgeneticandenvironmentalfactorsintheoriginofpepticulcerdisease,"
theyexplain.Bothtwinsweremorelikelytodevelopanulcerifthepairweregeneticallythesameascomparedwithapairoffraternaltwins,suggestingthattheremustbesomegeneticsusceptibilitytoulcerdevelopment.
However,theriskwasnogreaterintwinslivingtogethercomparedwithtwinslivingapart,suggestingthatsharedexposuretoH.pyloriwasnottoblame."
Environmenteffectswerenotduetofactorssharedbyfamilymembers,andtheywererelatedtosmokingandstressinmenandtheuseofanalgesicsinwomen,"
theauthorswrote."
Theminoreffectsofsharedenvironmenttodiseaseliabilitydonotsupporttheconceptthatthegroupingofriskfactors,suchasH.pyloriinfection,wouldexplainthegeneticfactorofpepticulcerdisease,"
theyconcluded.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisaverylikelycauseofulcerinmen?
A)Smokingandstress.
B)Drinkingandsmoking.
C)Genesandchildren.
D)Useofacertainmedicine.
2.Whatfactorscontributetooverhalftheulcers?
A)Hereditaryfactors.
B)Economicfactors.
C)Environmentalfactors.
D)Geneticfactors.
3.Inrelationtoulcers,expertsstudytwinsinordertoexamine
A)therolesofgeneticfactors.
B)therolesofenvironmentalfactors.
C)therolesofbothfactors.
D)therolesofbrotherhood.
4.Whatdoes"
environmentaleffects"
inthefifthparagraphreferto?
A)Acleanenvironmentwithnosmokeanddustsurroundingthelivingarea.
B)Smokingandstressinmenanduseofpain-killingmedicineinWomen.
C)Factorssharedbyfamilymemberssuchasgenesandthefoodtheyeat.
D)SharedexposuretoH.pyloriinfectionintheuncleanenvironment.
5.Thepassagearguesthat
A)ulcersarerelatedtogenes.
B)ulcersarerelatedtolifestyle.
C)ulcersappearinmenandwomen.
D)ulcersarecausedbypyloriinfection.
KEY:
ACCBB
PASSAGE52
FirstAid
Firstaidisemergencycareforavictimofsuddenillnessorinjuryuntilmoreskillfulmedicaltreatmentisavailable.Firstaidmaysavealifeorimprovecertainvitalsignsincludingpulse,temperature,anunobstructedairway,andbreathing.Inminoremergencies,firstaidmaypreventavictim'
sconditionfromworseningandproviderelieffrompain.Firstaidmustbeadministeredasquicklyaspossible.Inthecaseofthecriticallyinjured,afewminutescanmakethedifferencebetweencompleterecoveryandlossoflife.
First-aidmeasuresdependuponavictim'
sneedsandprovider'
slevelofknowledgeandskill.Knowingwhatnottodoinanemergencyisasimportantasknowingwhattodo.Improperlymovingapersonwithaneckinjury,forexample,canleadtopermanentspinalinjuryandparalysis.
Despitethevarietyofinjuriespossible,severalprinciplesoffirstaidapplytoallemergencies.Thefirststepistocallforprofessionalmedicalhelp.Thevictim,ifconscious,shouldbereassuredthatmedicalaidhasbeenrequested,andaskedforpermissiontoprovideanyfirstaid.Next,assessthescene,askingotherpeopleortheinjuredperson'
sfamilyorfriendsaboutdetailsoftheinjuryorillness,anycarethatmayhavealreadybeengiven,andpreexistingconditionssuchasdiabetesorhearttrouble.Thevictimshouldbecheckedformedicalbraceletorcardthatdescribesspecialmedicalconditions.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomesunsafeorthevictimmaysufferfurtherinjury,donotmovethevictim.
Firstaidrequiresrapidassessmentofvictimstodeterminewhetherlife-threateningconditionsexist.Onemethodforevaluatingavictim'
sconditionisknownbytheacronymABC,whichstandsfor:
A-Airway:
isitopenandunobstructed?
B-Breathing:
isthepersonbreathing?
Look,listen,andfeelforbreathing.
C-Circulation:
isthereapulse?
Isthepersonbleedingexternally?
Checkskincolorandtemperatureforadditionalindicationsofcirculationproblems.
Onceobviousinjurieshavebeenevaluated,theinjuredperson'
s
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