考研英语翻译解析Word文档下载推荐.docx
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考研英语翻译解析Word文档下载推荐.docx
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第三篇翻译
LECTURE1题目特征
本堂目标
课堂讲解
上面两部分内容直接拷贝《考研25堂高分课》P208-209内容,注意“开始上课”改为“课堂讲解”。
课堂练习
Exercise1
You’vehardaproblem,you’vethoughtaboutittillweretired,forgottenitandperhapssleptonit,andthenflash!
Whenyouweren’tthinkingaboutitsuddenlytheanswerhascometoyou,asagiftfromthegods.
Ofcourseallideasdon’tcomelikethat,buttheinterestingthingisthatsomanydo,particularlythemostimportantones.Theyburstintothemind,glowingwiththeheatofcreation.Howtheydoitisamystery.
(1)Psychologydoesnotyetunderstandeventheordinaryprocessesofconsciousthought,buttheemergenceofnewideasbya“leapinthought”isparticularlyintriguing,becausetheyhavecomefromsomewhere.Forthemomentletusassumethattheycomefromthe“unconscious”.
(2)Thisisreasonable,forthepsychologistsusethistermtodescribementalprocesseswhichareunknowntothesubject,andcreativethoughtconsistspreciselyinwhatwasunknownbecomingknown.
(3)Itseemsthatalltrulycreativeactivitydependsinsomedegreeonthesesignalsfromtheunconscious,andthemorehighlyintuitivetheperson,thesharperandmoredramaticthesignalsbecome.
Butgrowthrequiresaseed,andtheheartofthecreativeprocessliesintheproductionoftheoriginalfertilenucleusfromwhichgrowthcanproceed.Thisinitialstepinallcreationconsistsintheestablishmentofanewunityfromdisparateelements,oforderoutofdisorder,ofshapefromwhatwasformless.(4)Themindachievesthisbytheplasticreshaping,soastoformanewunit,ofaselectionoftheseparateelementsderivedfromexperienceandstoredinmemory.Intuitionsarisefromrichlyunifiedexperience.
(5)Thisprocessoftheestablishmentofnewformmustoccurinpatternofnervousactivityinthebrain,lyingbelowthethresholdofconsciousness,whichinteractandcombinetoformmorecomprehensivepatterns.Experimentalphysiologyhasnotyetidentifiedthisprocess,foritsmethodsareasyetinsufficientlyrefined,butitmaybesignificantthataquarterofthetotalbodilyconsumptionofenergyduringsleepgoestothebrain,evenwhenthesenseorgansareatrest,tomaintaintheactivityoftenthousandmillionbraincells.Thesecells,actingtogetherasasingleorgan,achievethemiracleoftheproductionofnewpatternsofthought.Nocalculatingmachinecandothat,forsuchmachinescan“onlydowhatweknowhowtodesignthemtodo”,andtheseformativebrainprocessesobeylawswhicharestillunknown.
Cananypracticalconclusionsbedrawnfromtheexperienceofgenius?
Isthereanartofthoughtfrotheordinaryperson?
Certainlythereisnosingleroadtosuccess;
intheworldoftheimaginationeachhastofindhisownwaytousehisowngift.
Exercise2
Itisauniversallyacknowledgedfactthathumanbeingspossessalargerbrainthananimals.Thisallowsustocoordinateourlivesbetterandcommunicatewitheachotheronahigher,moresophisticatedlevel.Languageisamodeofcommunicationwherewithalimitednumberofwordswecanproduceaninfinitenumberofsentences.Itgivesusthechancetodiscussideas,andlookattheworldwithacriticaleye.
(1)Itisofutmostimportancetonotethatwehavedevelopedourlinguisticabilitiessothatwenotonlyhavetheoptionofinteractingverballyandthroughsignsbutalsoonawrittenbasis.
Thecentralquestiontobeexaminedis:
Howdoeslanguageactuallyinfluenceourspecificallyanimaloperations?
(2)Acaseinpointwouldbethatwhenwelookatanobject,forexampleatree,doweseeitinitspure,realisticandnaturalwayorislanguageimposingacertaininfluenceinthewaywelookatthistree?
Doweregarditasanobjectofnaturewhichisatallwoodyplanthavingasingle,usually,longandstraightmainstem,generallywithafewornobranchesonitslowerpart?
Orarewesimplyseeingitthatwaybecauseofthecontextofthelanguageinourculture?
(3)Sincethelanguagesoftheworlddifferinregardtotheirsemanticandstructuralcharacteristics,itseemssomewhatlogicaltoarguethatpeoplespeakingwidelydifferentlanguageswouldalsodifferinthewaytheyviewedandthoughtabouttheworld.Anexamplemayillustratethispoint.Ifonemustclassifythingssuchascamels,automobilesorsnowincertainways,thenonemustperceivethemdifferentlyfromsomeonewhodoesnotrequiretomakethesedistinctions.Eskimosmayhaveanumberofdifferentmeaningsfortheword“snow”,whereasweonlyhaveone.(4)Fromthiswecandeducethatitisstilldebatablewhetherweperceivetheworldinitsrealformorwhetherweareaffectedbythelanguageofoursocietywithoutusrealizing.Henceonecaninferthatlanguageimposesmeaningoneverythingexistinginourworldthroughthehumanbeing.
Consequently,meaningmustbeplacedatthecenterofanyat
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