美赛MCMICM赛题中英文翻译详解Word文档下载推荐.docx
- 文档编号:15282004
- 上传时间:2022-10-29
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:35
- 大小:3.47MB
美赛MCMICM赛题中英文翻译详解Word文档下载推荐.docx
《美赛MCMICM赛题中英文翻译详解Word文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《美赛MCMICM赛题中英文翻译详解Word文档下载推荐.docx(35页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Fungi(中英文)
ThecarboncycledescribestheprocessoftheexchangeofcarbonthroughoutthegeochemicalcycleoftheEarth,andisavitalcomponentforlifeontheplanet.Partofthecarboncycleincludesthedecompositionofcompounds,allowingcarbontoberenewedandusedinotherforms.Onekeycomponentofthispartoftheprocessisthedecompositionofplantmaterialandwoodyfibers.
Someofthekeyagentsindecomposingwoodyfibersarefungi.Theauthorsofarecentresearcharticleonwooddecompositionbyfungiidentifiedfungitraitsthatdeterminedecompositionratesandalsonotedlinksbetweencertaintraits[1].Inparticular,theslowgrowingstrainsoffungitendtobebetterabletosurviveandgrowinthepresenceofenvironmentalchangeswithrespecttomoistureandtemperature,whilethefastergrowingstrainstendtobelessrobusttothesamechanges.Asynopsisofthisarticlecanbefoundbelowonpage3.
Theseresearchersexaminedalargenumberoftraitsassociatedwithdifferentfungiandtheirroleinthedecompositionofgroundlitter(deadplantmaterial)andwoodyfibers.ForthisMCMProblemyoushouldfocusonjusttwotraitsofafungus:
thegrowthrateofthefungusandthefungus’tolerancetomoisture.Yourprimarygoalistomodelthedecompositionofwoodyfibersinagivenpatchofland,anddosointhepresenceofmultipletypesoffungibreakingdownwoodyfibersinthesamearea.
Asyouexploretherelationshipofthetwotraitsofinterest,growthrateandmoisturetolerance,withtherateofdecomposition,severalquestionsmayarisetoinclude:
Usingthesetwotraits,howdothedifferentfungiinteractanddecomposegroundlitterinafixedpatchoflandindifferentenvironments?
Withinthesedifferentenvironments,howwillthedecompositionbeimpactedovertimeasconditionsvary?
Howdoenvironmentalchangesandthevariationinenvironmentalchangeimpactthelong-termdynamicswithrespecttodecomposition,aswellascompetitionbetweenfungiinagivenenvironment?
Theestimationforthedecompositionrates,giventhegrowthrate,isshowninFigure1.Theestimationofthedecompositionrates,giventherelativemoisturetolerance,isshowninFigure2.
Figure1:
Therelationshipbetweenthehyphalextensionrate(mm/day)ofvariousfungiandtheresultingwooddecompositionrate(%masslossover122days)atvarioustemperatures.(Figure1Cin[1]).Figure2:
Therelationshipbetweenthemoisturetolerance(differenceofeachisolate’scompetitiverankingandtheirmoisturenichewidth,bothscaledto[0,1])ofvariousfungiandtheresultingwooddecompositionrate(%masslossover122days,logtransformed).(Figure4Ain[1]).
Requirement:
Yourpapershouldexploreandaddressthefollowingaspects.
∙Buildamathematicalmodelthatdescribesthebreakdownofgroundlitterandwoodyfibersthroughfungalactivityinthepresenceofmultiplespeciesoffungi.
∙Inyourmodel,incorporatetheinteractionsbetweendifferentspeciesoffungi,whichhavedifferentgrowthratesanddifferentmoisturetolerancesasshowninFigures1and2.
∙Provideananalysisofthemodelanddescribetheinteractionsbetweenthedifferenttypesoffungi.Thedynamicsoftheinteractionsshouldbecharacterizedanddescribedincludingbothshort-andlong-termtrends.Youranalysisshouldexaminethesensitivitytorapidfluctuationsintheenvironment,andyoushoulddeterminetheoverallimpactofchangingatmospherictrendstoassesstheimpactofvariationoflocalweatherpatterns.
∙Includepredictionsabouttherelativeadvantagesanddisadvantagesforeachspeciesandcombinationsofspecieslikelytopersist,anddosofordifferentenvironmentsincludingarid,semi-arid,temperate,arboreal,andtropicalrainforests.
∙Describehowthediversityoffungalcommunitiesofasystemimpactstheoverallefficiencyofasystemwithrespecttothebreakdownofgroundlitter.Predicttheimportanceandroleofbiodiversityinthepresenceofdifferentdegreesofvariabilityinthelocalenvironment.Includeatwo-pagearticleofyourresults.Yourarticleshouldbeappropriateforinclusioninanintroductorycollegelevelbiologytextbooktodiscussrecentdevelopmentsinourunderstandingoftherolesfungiplayinecologicalsystems.
YourPDFsolutionofnomorethan25totalpagesshouldinclude:
∙One-pageSummarySheet.
∙TableofContents.
∙Yourcompletesolution.
∙Two-pageArticle.
∙Referenceslist.
Note:
TheMCMContestnowhasa25pagelimit.Allaspectsofyoursubmissioncounttowardthe25pagelimit(SummarySheet,TableofContents,ReferenceListandanyAppendices).
参考资料
[1]
NickyLustenhouwer,DanielS.Maynard,MarkA.Bradford,DanielL.Lindner,BradOberle,AmyE.Zanne,andThomasW.Crowther.Atrait-basedunderstandingofwooddecompositionbyfungi.
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- MCMICM 中英文 翻译 详解